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The Nuclear Model of the Atom Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive content, visit www.ck12.org CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-source, collaborative, and web-based compilation model, CK-12 pioneers and promotes the creation and distribution of high-quality, adaptive online textbooks that can be mixed, modified and printed (i.e., the FlexBook® textbooks). Copyright © 2015 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org The names “CK-12” and “CK12” and associated logos and the terms “FlexBook®” and “FlexBook Platform®” (collectively “CK-12 Marks”) are trademarks and service marks of CK-12 Foundation and are protected by federal, state, and international laws. Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Commons from time to time (the “CC License”), which is incorporated herein by this reference. Complete terms can be found at http://www.ck12.org/about/ terms-of-use. Printed: September 19, 2015 www.ck12.org C HAPTER Chapter 1. The Nuclear Model of the Atom 1 The Nuclear Model of the Atom Worksheet Name _____________________ Class ______________________ Date ________________ Answer each of the questions below to show your achievement of the lesson objectives Lesson Objective: Distinguish between the three main subatomic particles. 1. One of the following is not a main subatomic particle a. b. c. d. proton positron electron neutron 2. True or False: Dalton assumed that atoms could not be broken down further. 3. Investigations in the late ______ proved that atoms can indeed be broken down into smaller particles. Lesson Objective: Understand the contributions of J. J. Thomson, Robert Millikan, and Ernest Rutherford to atomic theory. 4. J.J. Thomson carried out experiments with a. b. c. d. an X-ray tube a test tube a cathode ray tube a fluorescent tube 5. Cathode rays were shown to be streams of __________ particles. a. b. c. d. positively charge particles electrically neutral particles a mixed of charged particles negatively charged particles 6. Millikan’s oil drop experiment determined the mass of the a. b. c. d. electron neutron proton atomic nucleus 7. Complete atoms are electrically a. b. c. d. positive negative neutral complex 8. _________ discovered the proton in 1886. a. Ernest Rutherford 1 www.ck12.org b. Eugene Goldstein c. James Chadwick d. Robert Millikan 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. True or False: The cathode ray was composed of particles. True or False: The cathode rays were deflected towards a negatively charged metal plate. True or False: The value for the charge on the electron depends on the gas used in the cathode ray tube. True or False: The neutron has approximately the same mass as the proton. True or False: The proton was first called a canal ray. The electron weighs about ______ the mass of the hydrogen atom. The _____ is the positively charged electrode in the cathode ray tube. The cathode ray deflection in a _____ field showed it was a _________ charged particle. Lesson Objective: Describe the structure of the nuclear atom. 17. J.J. Thomson developed the __________ model of the atom a. b. c. d. apple pie rice pudding cherry pie plum pudding 18. Rutherford performed the _________ foil experiment to study atomic structure. a. b. c. d. alpha beta silver gold 19. Rutherford’s experiment used _________ to bombard the foil. a. b. c. d. alpha particles beta particles gamma particles delta particles 20. The nucleus of the atom is composed of a. b. c. d. 21. 22. 23. 24. protons and electrons protons and neutrons neutrons and electrons protons and positrons True or False: True or False: True or False: True or False: Rutherford felt that all the atom’s positive charge was in the nucleus. Rutherford’s experiments showed the location of the electron. In Rutherford’s experiment, most of the particles passed through the gold foil. None of the particles in Rutherford’s experiment bounced back toward the source. TABLE 1.1: Relative Charge and Mass Particle proton Relative Charge Relative Mass 0 1/1840 26. Rutherford’s experiment showed that most of the atom was ______ _______ . 2 www.ck12.org Chapter 1. The Nuclear Model of the Atom 27. The particles used in Rutherford’s experiment were about _____ times the size of the hydrogen atom and were ___________ charged. 28. Rutherford’s atomic model became known as the nuclear model. In this model, the protons and neutrons, which comprise nearly all of the mass of the atom, are located in a nucleus at the center of the atom. The electrons are distributed around the nucleus and occupy most of the volume of the atom. It is worth emphasizing just how small the nucleus is compared to the rest of the atom. If we could blow up an atom to be the size of a large professional football stadium, the nucleus would be about the size of a marble. a. What data from Rutherford’s experiment suggested the atom was mostly empty space? b. Describe Rutherford’s model of the atom. Why was it incomplete? TABLE 1.2: Relative Charge and Mass Particle proton neutron electron Relative Charge +1 0 -1 Relative Mass 1 1 1/1840 3