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The Nuclear Model of the
Atom
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Printed: September 19, 2015
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C HAPTER
Chapter 1. The Nuclear Model of the Atom
1
The Nuclear Model of the
Atom
Worksheet
Name _____________________ Class ______________________ Date ________________
Answer each of the questions below to show your achievement of the lesson objectives
Lesson Objective: Distinguish between the three main subatomic particles.
1. One of the following is not a main subatomic particle
a.
b.
c.
d.
proton
positron
electron
neutron
2. True or False: Dalton assumed that atoms could not be broken down further.
3. Investigations in the late ______ proved that atoms can indeed be broken down into smaller particles.
Lesson Objective: Understand the contributions of J. J. Thomson, Robert Millikan, and Ernest Rutherford
to atomic theory.
4. J.J. Thomson carried out experiments with
a.
b.
c.
d.
an X-ray tube
a test tube
a cathode ray tube
a fluorescent tube
5. Cathode rays were shown to be streams of __________ particles.
a.
b.
c.
d.
positively charge particles
electrically neutral particles
a mixed of charged particles
negatively charged particles
6. Millikan’s oil drop experiment determined the mass of the
a.
b.
c.
d.
electron
neutron
proton
atomic nucleus
7. Complete atoms are electrically
a.
b.
c.
d.
positive
negative
neutral
complex
8. _________ discovered the proton in 1886.
a. Ernest Rutherford
1
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b. Eugene Goldstein
c. James Chadwick
d. Robert Millikan
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
True or False: The cathode ray was composed of particles.
True or False: The cathode rays were deflected towards a negatively charged metal plate.
True or False: The value for the charge on the electron depends on the gas used in the cathode ray tube.
True or False: The neutron has approximately the same mass as the proton.
True or False: The proton was first called a canal ray.
The electron weighs about ______ the mass of the hydrogen atom.
The _____ is the positively charged electrode in the cathode ray tube.
The cathode ray deflection in a _____ field showed it was a _________ charged particle.
Lesson Objective: Describe the structure of the nuclear atom.
17. J.J. Thomson developed the __________ model of the atom
a.
b.
c.
d.
apple pie
rice pudding
cherry pie
plum pudding
18. Rutherford performed the _________ foil experiment to study atomic structure.
a.
b.
c.
d.
alpha
beta
silver
gold
19. Rutherford’s experiment used _________ to bombard the foil.
a.
b.
c.
d.
alpha particles
beta particles
gamma particles
delta particles
20. The nucleus of the atom is composed of
a.
b.
c.
d.
21.
22.
23.
24.
protons and electrons
protons and neutrons
neutrons and electrons
protons and positrons
True or False:
True or False:
True or False:
True or False:
Rutherford felt that all the atom’s positive charge was in the nucleus.
Rutherford’s experiments showed the location of the electron.
In Rutherford’s experiment, most of the particles passed through the gold foil.
None of the particles in Rutherford’s experiment bounced back toward the source.
TABLE 1.1: Relative Charge and Mass
Particle
proton
Relative Charge
Relative Mass
0
1/1840
26. Rutherford’s experiment showed that most of the atom was ______ _______ .
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Chapter 1. The Nuclear Model of the Atom
27. The particles used in Rutherford’s experiment were about _____ times the size of the hydrogen atom and were
___________ charged.
28. Rutherford’s atomic model became known as the nuclear model. In this model, the protons and neutrons,
which comprise nearly all of the mass of the atom, are located in a nucleus at the center of the atom.
The electrons are distributed around the nucleus and occupy most of the volume of the atom. It is worth
emphasizing just how small the nucleus is compared to the rest of the atom. If we could blow up an atom to
be the size of a large professional football stadium, the nucleus would be about the size of a marble.
a. What data from Rutherford’s experiment suggested the atom was mostly empty space?
b. Describe Rutherford’s model of the atom. Why was it incomplete?
TABLE 1.2: Relative Charge and Mass
Particle
proton
neutron
electron
Relative Charge
+1
0
-1
Relative Mass
1
1
1/1840
3