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Study Guide for the Circulatory and Respiratory System Test Be Able to Label Heart Diagrams-Use Diagrams in your journal to study by!!! Be able to trace the blood’s travels through the heart (see heart diagram) The job of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen, wastes, and other materials throughout the body. The heart is a muscle in your chest that pumps blood. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide. Plasma is the liquid part of the blood. The smallest blood vessel in the body is a capillary. The upper chambers of the heart are called the atriums. Platelets are the part of the blood that causes clotting to stop bleeding. The aorta is the largest artery in the body. Valves separate the heart chambers and keep the blood flowing in one direction. The septum is the wall between the right and left ventricles. The exchange between blood and body cells happens in the capillaries. The universal donor that can donate to all other blood types is O. Blood type A can safely donate to types AB and A. Antigens are the protein markers on a red blood cell that determines blood type. White blood cells are the part of the blood in charge of producing antibodies for defense. Red Blood Cells—contain hemoglobin, transport oxygen, don’t have a nucleus, and are produced in the bone marrow. White blood cells—fight bacteria, viruses and other invaders, and make up pus Plasma—consists mostly of water (90%), is colorless, and can leave capillaries Platelets—help the blood to clot Arteries---usually carry blood with a lot of oxygen, do not have valves, lie deeper in the body for protection, and carry blood AWAY from the heart. Veins---usually carry dark reddish blood, have valves, lie closer to the skin, and carry blood TO the heart. Capillaries--- thin microscopic vessels that exchange materials between the blood and the cells Labeled Human Heart liquid part plasma w hose jobs are w hich is clean up & defense WBC blood has 4 parts RBC w hose job is w hich can be different B carry oxygen has one marker types are red because they contain has one marker hemoglobin A universal donor are called this because they can give to all other types safely O has both markers has no markers AB are called this because they can receive f rom all other types safely universal recipient platelet CIRCULATORY SYSTEM has 3 parts blood vessels are divided into 3 main types job is transport materials around the body heart valves thin, nonelastic septum w hich are separated by a w all called the ventricles w ith one w ay doors has 2 upper chambers called has 2 low er chambers called atria (1 atrium) valves and have w alls that are and have one w ay doors called Vena Cava largest ones leading to the heart are the tow ard the heart take blood Veins one cell thick and have w alls that are exchange happens w here Capillaries Arteries take blood a cell f ragment w hose job is direct the clotting of blood Aorta largest one from heart is aw ay from the heart and have w alls that are think, muscular, elastic