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The Roman Empire and Religion Terms to Tackle : Christianity Jesus of Nazareth Messiah Crucifixion Resurrection Apostles Paul of Tarsus Constantine Are there any terms you recognize? Many Romans adopted the Greek gods as their own but renamed them. The Tolerant Romans • When Romans took over new lands, they allowed the people to continue to practice their own religions. • Sometimes, they even adopted the conquered peoples’ religions. Some even adopted Egyptian gods. Religious Freedom Causes Problems • If Romans saw a religion as a problem, they made it so the people of that religion couldn’t meet. • Judaism was one religion seen by the Romans as a problem. Judaism is a monotheistic religion. Romans found it disrespectful for the Jews to not worship many gods. Clashes with the Jews • The Romans allowed the Jews to practice their religion. • However, the Jews resented Roman rule and tried many times to get Romans out of Judea, the territory where many Jews lived. Despite multiple attempts, the Jews failed to get the Romans out of Judea. Judea See if you can find Rome. Check Out how much the empire grew! Jerusalem is Crushed • Jews were treated harshly and taxed heavily. • Wanting to get rid of Jews, certain Jewish rituals were banned. • This treatment caused the Jews to rebel. Despite being destroyed, Jews persevered and moved to other places. The Romans conquered the Jews’ holy land, Jerusalem. They kicked the Jews out and forbade them to enter. Jews believed The Messiah would come if They followed Moses’s rules. Messiah means God’s anointed one. A New Religion • Before the Jews were kicked out of Rome, some lived in Judea. • Since the Romans were SOOO strict, the Jews lived very structured lives. • They believed a Messiah would soon be sent to them by God. Christianity and Jesus of Nazareth • Christianity is a religion that began to appear in Judea based on Jesus’ teachings. • Jesus was believed to be the Messiah that the Jews were waiting for. • Much of what we know of Jesus is written in the Christian’s holy book, the Bible. The bible is broken into the Old Testament and the New Testament. As a man, Jesus probably studied carpentry with Joseph, but When he turned 30 he began to travel and teach about religion. The Birth of Jesus Christians believe God was Jesus’ father, not Joseph. • Jesus was born in Bethlehem. • His birth marks the shift in our dating system from B.C. to A.D. • Jesus’ mother’s name was Mary, and Mary’s husband was named Joseph. People were very excited about Jesus and his teachings. Crucifixion • Jesus was super popular! • However, Jesus’ ideas challenged politicians in Rome. • In the Bible it says that Jesus was arrested around AD 30. Jesus was executed by crucifixion. In other words, he was nailed to a cross and left for dead. People began to call him Christ from the word Christos, meaning Messiah in Greek. Resurrection The Last Supper is a famous painting by da Vinci that shows Jesus eating final meal with his Apostles. • After Jesus was crucified, he was buried. • According to Christian beliefs, Jesus rose from the dead and exited his tomb. • Many of Jesus’ followers believed to have seen him even after he died. • It was this resurrection that made his followers sure that he was the Messiah. For centuries, Jesus’ teachings have been interpreted. Because people interpret things differently, many denominations of Christianity have developed. Jesus’ Teachings • Jesus taught his followers many things. • Jesus was Jewish, so many of his ideas were rooted in Jewish traditions. Salvation from Sin. Be generous to the poor and the sick. Love your enemies. Love God and love others. Love God more than anything. Four gospels are found in the New Testament. John Mark Jesus’ Teachings Spread Matthew • Jesus chose 12 disciples to receive special training. • These disciples earned the name Apostle. • These Apostles Luke had the job of spreading Jesus’ teachings. Apostles and disciples wrote gospels, which were stories of Jesus’ life and teachings. Paul of Tarsus • Paul of Tarsus was the most important part in the spread of Christianity. • He wrote letters that told about Jesus’ resurrection and his ideas of salvation. • Paul also told Christians they did not have to obey Jewish laws and rituals. Christianity Grows Christians were persecuted, or punished because of their beliefs. This persecution did not stop Christians from believing in Jesus’ teachings. • Christianity spread amongst Jews first and then amongst nonJews. • Romans began to challenge Christians like they had challenged the Jews. • Some Christians were killed or arrested for not believing in Roman Gods. Constantine and Christianity • Christians were forced to meet in secret. • However, they still spread their faith. • In the early 300s, Constantine became emperor and lifted the ban on Christianity. Later, Christianity became the official religion of Rome . Recapitulate Summarize KEY POINTS Recapitulate