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Polyhedral Capsid Helical Capsid www.microbeworld .org McGraw Hill, Biology Viruses are the smallest, non living microbes, 10,000 times smaller then bacteria. Viruses are genetic material (DNA and RNA) encased in a protective coat called capsid. Binal Capsid The reproductive cycle of a bacteriophage occurs in two different cycles depending on the phage, the Lytic and Lysogenic cycles. During which the virus attaches itself to the protein outer layer of its host. After penetration, the virus injects the host with its genomes. The virus’ genetic material is copied within the host. In the Lytic cycle, the capsid is formed and filled with the new genomes. The cell lyses and releases the new phages. In the Lysogenic cycle, the DNA of the host cell is copied with the genomes of the virus. Then binary fission takes place and each new copy of the genomes remains in both of the new host cells. Until the phage is developed and ready to leave the host, to begin the cycles again. The nucleic acid is protected in a protein shell called the capsid. Theses capsids vary in shape and size.