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Transcript
Name: _______________________________ Date: __________________ Hour: __________________ Vocabulary Chapter 2.1-2.5: Newton’s First Law of Motion- The Law of Inertia Read the following passage carefully and use context clues to determine the meaning of the underlined words. In the early 1500s the Italian scientist Galileo demolished a long accepted belief by Aristotle that heavy things fall faster than light things by dropping heavy and light objects from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. He showed that except for the effects of air drag, objects of different weights fell to the ground at the same time. Galileo also made another huge discovery. He showed that Aristotle was also wrong about force being necessary to keep objects moving. Galileo said that a force is required to start an object moving, but once moving no force is required to keep it moving- except for the force need to overcome friction. To test the property of inertia, Galileo rolled balls along flat plane surfaces tilted at different angles. He noted that a ball rolling down an inclined plane picks up speed, and a ball rolling up slows down- both due to gravity. On a horizontal plane the ball maintained a constant speed. Galileo reasoned that the external forces of friction and gravity the balls would remain moving forever. Isaac Newton was born the year Galileo died. He extended Galileo’s concept of inertia and made it into a law that underlies all motion. Newton’s first law (or law of inertia) is a restatement of Galileo’s idea. An example of the law in action is the classic tablecloth-and-dishes demonstration. Be sure to pull the tablecloth slightly downward so there is no upward component of force on the dishes! When an object is moving at a constant speed it is neither speeding up nor slowing down. A car traveling down a highway at 60 mph has a constant speed and velocity. As soon as that same car slightly turns at a bend in the road it may still have a constant speed, but no longer has a constant velocity (velocity is a vector quality). 1. Inertia a. I think the word inertia means: __________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ b. Have you heard the word inertia used before? ______________________ Where? ____________________________________________________ c. The definition of inertia is ______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ d. I could use inertia in the following sentence (situation): _______________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 2. Speed a. I think the word speed means: __________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ b. Have you heard the word speed used before? ______________________ Where? ____________________________________________________ c. The definition of speed is ______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ d. I could use speed in the following sentence (situation): _______________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 3. Newton’s First Law a. I think Newton’s First Law is: ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ b. Have you heard Newton’s First Law used before? ___________________ Where? ____________________________________________________ c. Newton’s First Law is _________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ d. I could use Newton’s First Law in the following sentence (situation): _____ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 4. Velocity a. I think the word velocity means: _________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ b. Have you heard the word velocity used before? _____________________ Where? ____________________________________________________ c. The definition of velocity is _____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ d. I could use velocity in the following sentence (situation): ______________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________