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Choanocyte (collar cell) ,?:: Tentacles -. Cnidocytes Coiled nematocysts in cnidocyte cells are trigefed by touch. Poison discharged from the barb kills or , paralyzes the prey: ''*. Barb -. - polyp A polyp is shaped like a cylinder. , Phylum Porifera "pore bearer" Sponges laracteristics 3nly have specialized ! = salt and fresh water -organism that does not move --filters food particles out of the water lecialized cells -Flagellated (catch particles) flowing through the sponge -Create a current of to flow into the internal cavity (incurrent pore) cell: Allow : move through the sponge's body f w d particles -Remove -Budding -Regeneration : a mass of amebocytes that will grow into sponges when conditions are favorable Sexual -they can produce both egg and sperm -Sponges are 1. Sperm are released into the water 2. Sperm flow into the cells take the sperm to the egg 3. so it swims away from the parent sponge 4. Zygote has a Phylum: Cnidaria Coral, sea anemones, Jelly-fish, hydra Two adult forms -- (hydra) (jelly-fish) -Three classes -sea anemone, corals -jelly-fish -hydra (Portuguese man-of-war) 1. 2. 3. Characteristics -- , hollow central cavity --They have cells that work together to form like middle layer) ! (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoglea...jelly- How do they eat? poisonous -capture prey with tentacles (or cnidoblast) are cells that contain used to capture prey) (stinging Reproduction -- -Only some species (hydra) ...a new organisms grows off of the parent and then 'buds" off --Sexual - (jellyfish) forms exchange sperm or egg with each other (fertilization is in the water) -Fertilization forms a (free-swimming larvae) -Planula settles down and attaches to the bottom and becomes a polyp -Polyp develops a stack of medusa that bud off asexually and become free swimming jellyfish. Phyluin PIatyhelminthes Flatworms Plat and flat.. .they rhyme General Characteristics -- --Only --No body cavity symmetry, front, back, head, tail body opening : a=no coelom = cavity or space --Have and -simple muscle and nervous system -Tissues: -outer layer (skin) -middle layer (muscle) -inner layer (gut) --Hermaphrodites (cannot .. exchange sperm) --Asexual L)iffi.re~lt classcs 1. Turbellaria--Example: Planaria -circulatory or respiratory --Excretory system help move along wastes in excretory canals to the excretory pores -spots,.sense light (like a vacuum --Eat using a tube called a hose) --Nervous system (bundles of sensory receptors) --Can be over 1 meter long -Can get them by eating uncooked infected beef with sucker mouths -They attach to the ---complex life-cycle that involves more than one host --Latch on and ingests a host's cells and body fluids -swelling, ulcers, liver damage --Blood -(from poor sanitation, unwashed hands) Other: I' No body cavityacoelomate organisms S . A false body cavity!. I 2. 3. -- . 4.. 5. I__- --- -" I True body cavitycoelomate organisms Phylum Nemotoda Roundworms Think..long o sound - round Common Characteristics --false body cavity...body cavity not completely surrounded by mesoderm filled body cavity and an ... III --First group to have a -separate = sexual reproduction --Get it from food or drink contaminated with the eggs --The roundworms grow In the small intestine and cause intestinal ...OUCH! Filariee --Spread by --Invade the lymphatic system (moves fluid) and blocks lymph vessels --Causes swelling.., -Page 691 --Hookworm..pinworm--Trichina worm-uncooked --Heartworm-problem with animals contamination (Trichinosis) d Phylum: Annellda Segmented worms,..earthworrns, leeches Nutrition --Earthworms eat dirt! -Dirt goes in the mouth with the help of the -Down the (food tube) -Into the (storage organ) -Then into the for grinding where the nutrients can be -Then the (the end literally!) -Finally out the (pulls dirt in) ... Resplration (breathing) --Gas diffuses through the --Circulation (blood) -blood flows in vessels --Dona1 vessel carries blood to heart.... 5 pain of --Ventral vessel carries blood away from heart Nervous system --Organs in -Brain Bundle of sensory nerves... -Nerve Cord senre the environment Reprodudion -- --Exchange sparm with other worms --Form a slimy cocoon from thelr --Band slides off and the babies are on their own (band on thelr body) Movement --Very slow! -- in each segment contract and relax which help them grip the sol1 --Have bristles called -Excretory -like kidneys -Remove -Look like white stringy thlngs In each segment True body cavitycoelomate organisms I Phylum: Mollusca Examples: Snail, oyster, squid, octopus, slug, chiton Characteristics --Soft body (yummy part!) --Muscular system: -- (movement) (contains organs) --Most have a -Produced by the --Have a We bodv cavitv ( Re~roductlveSvstem: Most reproduce --Most have an -Not all blood moves in vessels --Excretory System: Nephridia ) circulatorv system Three Maln Classes 1. Gastropoda foot" -snails, slugs, conchs -Respiratory system: -have a tongue with teeth.. -eats plants 2, Bivalvia U shells" -Clams, oysters, scallops, mussels feeders -Found in fresh and salt water 3, Cephlapoda foot" -Octopus, sauid, nautilus, cuttlefish - ~ i g hdeveioged i~ circulatorv svstem (blood runs in a system of vessels) -Predators -Can change color -Squirt ink for protection -Have like us -Tentacles with suction cups 'Squid = *Octopus = 1' - Other: External and Internal Biology ~4 ~araxntB T B C ~ Phylum: Arthropods Insects, lobster, shrimp, millipedes, centipedes, spiders, ticks Arthropods: Characteristics -made of chitin, periodically shcd --jinted -- -,-tubules Tot, excretion ................ .. circulatory system --Most have 3 body (head, thorax, and abdomen) -- Five Classes 1. lnsecta eyes-see light and dark .-eyes---..seemany images .. .......................... - s ......... *Complete: Egg, . " * ......... . "..".'.-- (caterpillal-), pupa (cocoon), adult. ..butterfly : Egg, nymph (immature adult), adult --Reproduce in huge numbers -Have -breathing tubes (like straws) in the abdomen .... ..... 2. Crustaceail --Lobster, shrimp --Lose exoskeleton as they grow (molting) -2 segn1ents..headithorax = ....................... . . . . . . . . which is covered by a hard cover called a ---excrete waste from below the eyes. --Movable eye stalks --Teeth are in the stomach -- ......... -... ".-".....................-"............. under abdonlen..mama carries eggs --Tail -and ..used for rapid backward movement --Front claws-- 10 pairs of --- and antenule-sense structures -. circulatory systein A 3. Diplopodti --- ...... . " . . P pairs of walking legs per segment, move slow--herbivores --- pair of legs per segment --Carnivores, pair of fanglike claws 5. Arachnids --Spiders, scorpions, t~cks,and mites ) and abdomen --2 segments, head and thorax fused ( --pair of appendages modified into either pinchers or fangs --8 legs --Breathe ilslng (folds of t~ssue) ----pair of appendages used to hold food --paired structures, release s ~ l kfor web building Phylum Echinodermilta Sea stars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, sand dollars, sea urchins.. .. General Characteristics --Adultsymmetry, larvasymnnetry -.. reproduction and has a digestive, reproductive, and --Each nervous system (allows for regeneration) Water vascular system --Allows them to eat, move, and exchange gases tlvough --Works by way of tubes ( w/a suction cup end) -Water enters an opening on the dorsal side.. . -Goes into the and each arm -A nluscular sac ( water into the tube foot and then they lift **Like using a plunger Other: Deilterostorne vs. protosome -hollow tube in ) helps to force