Download WHI.05b: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism

Name:
Date:
WHI.05b: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to
Hellenism
Period:
WHI.05: The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by
Notes
a)
evaluating the significance of the Peloponnesian War;
b)
characterizing life in Athens during the golden Age of Pericles;
c)
citing contributions in drama, poetry, history, sculpture, architecture, science, mathematics, and philosophy, with
emphasis on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle;
d)
explaining the conquest of Greece by Macedonia and the spread of Hellenistic culture by Alexander the Great
WHI.5b: Ancient Greece, Golden Age to Hellenism 83
Essential Understandings of Ancient Greece, Golden Age to Hellenism
1.
Competition between Sparta and Athens for control of Greece helped cause the
Peloponnesian War
2.
Athenian culture during the Classic Era, became one of the foundation stones of Western
civilization
3.
The Macedonian conquest of Greece followed the weakening of Greek defenses during the
Peloponnesian Wars
4.
Alexander the Great adopted Greek culture and spread Hellenistic influences throughout his
vast empire
Essential Questions about Ancient Greece, Golden Age to Hellenism
1. Why was the Peloponnesian War important to the spread of Greek culture?
2. Why was the leadership of Pericles important to the development of Athenian life and Greek
culture?
3. What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization?
4. How did the empire of Alexander the Great establish a basis for the spread of Hellenistic
culture?
Why do I need to know this?
1.
At its height, Greece set lasting standards in art, politics, literature, and philosophy that are still
adhered to today.
2.
Alexander’s empire extended across three continents that today consist of many nations and
diverse cultures.
3.
Western civilization today continues to be influenced by Greek and Hellenistic cultures.
Notes
WHI.5b: Ancient Greece, Golden Age to Hellenism 84
Alexander the Great's Empire
Notes
WHI.5b: Ancient Greece, Golden Age to Hellenism 85
Ancient Greece
Golden Age of Athens
1.
Who was Pericles?
Leader of Athens during its Golden Age. This is sometimes referred to as the Age of Pericles.
2.
What were Pericles’s three goals for Athens?
a. Create a stronger democracy – increased the number of paid public officials, so more poor people were able to
participate
 Direct democracy – a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives
b. Hold and strengthen the Athenian empire – used money from the Delian League’s treasury to build Athens’ 200-ship
navy into the strongest in the Mediterranean
c. Rebuild and glorify Athens – used the money from the Delian League to beautify Athens
 took 15 years to build the Parthenon – temple dedicated to Athena
 sculptor Phidias sculpted a giant statue of Athena (over 38 feet tall)
3.
What are the characteristics of Hellenic (Greek) art?
a. sculptors created figures that were graceful, strong, and perfectly formed – did not show laughter or anger, only
serenity
b. tried to capture the grace of the idealized human body in motion
c. classical art – values order, balance, and proportion
4.
What are the characteristics of the three types of Greek columns?
Doric
the simplest of the Greek columns,
has 20 flutes and no base
Notes
Ionic
Corinthian
more decorative and taller than
Doric; has 24 flutes; has two scrolls
(swirls) at the top and it has a base;
isn’t straight – it’s narrower at the top
and bottom and swells a little in the
middle
most decorative of the columns; has
24 flutes and a base like the Ionic;
has four scrolls and two rows of
leaves at the top; roofs are usually
flat
WHI.5b: Ancient Greece, Golden Age to Hellenism 86
5.
What are some examples of Greek drama?
a. famous tragedians – Aeschylus wrote The Oresteia, Sophocles wrote Oedipus Rex and Euripedes wrote Medea
b. famous comedian – Aristophanes wrote The Birds and Lysistrata
Ancient Greece
Peloponnesian War
1.
Who fought in the Peloponnesian War and what were their strengths?
Sparta (land) and Athens (sea power)
2.
What was Pericles’s strategy to win the war?
to avoid land battles and wait behind the city walls for an opportunity to strike Sparta’s allies from the sea
3.
Who won?
grain boats carried in the plague and it killed roughly one-third to one-half of Athens’s population, including Pericles
Sparta won in 404BC when Athens surrendered
4.
What were the effects of the Peloponnesian War?
a. Farmland was destroyed
b. Many young men left Greece to look for work
c. Greece resented Sparta’s militaristic and oligarchic rule; Sparta faced rebellions, further weakening Greece
Ancient Greece
Philosophers
Socrates
1. believed that absolute
standards did exist for truth
and justice
2. encouraged Greeks to go
further and question
themselves and their moral
character
3. when he was 70 years old, he
was brought to trial for
“corrupting the youth of
Athens” and “neglecting the
Taught
city’s gods.”
4. condemned to death
Notes
Plato
1. wrote The Republic – sets
forth his vision of the
perfectly governed society,
an oligarchy
2. founded a school called The
Academy
Aristotle
1. invented a method for arguing
according to the rules of
logic
2. worked in the fields of
psychology, physics and
biology
3. his most famous pupil will be
Alexander the Great
Taught
WHI.5b: Ancient Greece, Golden Age to Hellenism 87
Ancient Greece
Alexander the Great
1.
Who was Philip II?
ruled a Greek speaking country to the north of Greece called Macedonia
a. What were his goals?
dreamed of taking control of Greece and taking revenge on the Persians for invading Greece
the Athenian orator Demosthenes tried to warn the Greeks of the Macedonian threat
Philip conquered Greece in 338 BC
2.
Alexander
became king at 20 years old when Philip II was assassinated at his daughter’s wedding
studied under Aristotle
excellent military leader; never lost a battle
3.
War with Persia.
st
a. Battle of Granicus River – 1 battle in Persia
b. Egypt - he was welcomed as a liberator and crowned a pharaoh
c. Gaugamela - ended Persia’s power; found Darius III dead, assassinated by one of his own governors
d. India – defeated king Porus
Alexander’s army refused to go any further, so they returned to Babylon
in 323 B.C., Alexander died and his top three generals divided up the empire
4.
What was Alexander’s Legacy?
thousands of Greek artists, merchants, and officials followed him during his conquests
Alexander adopted Persian dress and customs and married a Persian woman
included Persians and people from other lands in his army
a new culture emerged from the blend of Greek, Egyptian and Eastern customs
Ancient Greece
Hellenistic Culture
1.
What was Hellenistic Culture?
Blending of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures
2.
How did Alexandria, Egypt exemplify the Hellenistic culture?
population exceeded over half million; Greeks, Jews, Egyptian mingled with visitors from the rest of Africa, Persia and
India
broad avenues were lined with statues of Greek gods
magnificent royal palaces overlooked the harbor
an enormous stone lighthouse called the Pharos
a museum that contained art galleries, a zoo, botanical gardens and even a dining hall
the library – contained over half a million papyrus scrolls and was the first true research library in the world
Notes
WHI.5b: Ancient Greece, Golden Age to Hellenism 88
Alexander the Great Builds an Empire
Illustrated Timeline
DIRECTIONS: Using the timeline at the top of page 131 in your book, fill in the important events on the timeline.
Then pick one of the events and draw a picture to represent that event at the bottom of the page.
Notes
336 BC
334 BC
327 BC
323 BC
WHI.5b: Ancient Greece, Golden Age to Hellenism 89
3.
Achievements in Astronomy
a. Aristarchus – estimated that the sun was 300 times larger than the earth (1,300,000 times the size of the earth);
proposed the earth and other planets revolved around the sun
b. Ptolemy – incorrectly placed the earth at the center of the solar system and his view will be accepted for 14
centuries
4.
Achievements in Math
a. Euclid– highly regarded mathematician who opened a school of geometry in Alexandria
b. Pythagoras – philosopher, musician, and mathematician who is credited with the formulation of the Pythagorean
2
2
2
theorem (a + b =c )
5.
Achievements in Other Sciences
a. Archimedes – explained the law of the lever and invented the compound pulley to lift heavy objects; also
invented the Archimedes screw, a device that raised water from the ground, and a catapult
b. Hippocrates – known as the father of Western medicine; founded a school of medicine; made medicine its own
distinct field (earlier it was part of religion); attributed with establishing an ethical code in practicing medicine
6.
Historians
a. Herodotus – father of history; first historian to systematically collect data and test materials for accuracy
 Wrote The Histories, which tells us about the Persian Wars
b. Thucydides – wrote about the Peloponnesian War; father of political realism which describes the relations between
countries as based on military strength rather than ethics and morals
7.
Philosophers
a. Zeno – founded the philosophy of Stoicism - with emphasis on reason, self-discipline, emotional control and
personal morality. Stoics believed people should find their proper role in society and fulfill it.
b. Epicurus – founded Epicureanism – the greatest good and the highest pleasure came from virtuous conduct
and the absence of pain
8.
Hellenistic Sculpture.
a. Colossus of Rhodes – bronze statue that stood over 107 feet tall at the entrance of the harbor to the island of
Rhodes
b. Characteristics – created realistic and emotional works, also create more natural works
c. Carved ordinary people such as an old wrinkled peasant woman
Notes
WHI.5b: Ancient Greece, Golden Age to Hellenism 90
Glossary WHI.05b: Ancient Greece: Golden Age to Hellenism
Directions: Fill in the definition for the term listed. Then, in the box on the right, you have to draw a picture OR
write the definition in your own words OR write a sentence using the word that demonstrates its meeting.
Direct Democracy
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Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence)
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..
Classical Art
.
Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence)
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.
..
Hellenistic
.
Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence)
.
.
..
Stoicism
.
Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence)
.
.
.
Notes
WHI.5b: Ancient Greece, Golden Age to Hellenism 91
Summary
DIRECTIONS: Choose only one of the following:
a) write a summary (25-75 words) of what you believe was the most important aspect of the notes/lecture
b) write what you believe to be the most interesting or memorable part of the notes/lecture (25-75 words)
c) draw something that symbolizes the notes/lecture to you (has to be different than your title page)
Notes
WHI.5b: Ancient Greece, Golden Age to Hellenism 92