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Fungi Plants without chlorophyll? What is a fungi? Fungi are eukaryotes. Fungal Cell Structure Most fungi are multicellular and their cells are arranged in long strands called hyphae. The hyphae look similar to a filamentous algae under a microscope. Fungal Cell Structure Fungi cells are surrounded with a cell wall made of chitin, the same stuff that insect and spider exoskeletons are made out of. Fungal Cell Structure Something like bread mold has hyphae that are spread out making it look fuzzy. A mushroom has its hyphae packed together so tightly that it looks solid. What is a Fungi? Fungi are heterotrophs. Fungi Eating Fungi are not plants, that means they have to eat. However, they don’t have a stomach or a mouth. How do you think they get their food? Fungi Eating Fungi digest their food outside of themselves and then absorb the nutrients and energy! What is a Fungi? Most fungi reproduce with spores. Spores Spores are produced in the fruiting body of the fungi. It is usually only the fruiting body that we see. Spores A spore is a single cell that if it lands in an appropriate environment will begin to divide eventually becoming a new organism. The hard part for the fungi is ensuring the spores have a chance to grow. There are several different strategies. Mass Production Using The Environment Actually Shooting Away The Spores Parasitic Zombie Control! Asexual or Sexual Reproduction? Both!? Asexually, a fungi can simply make spores that match its own DNA. BOTH!? When the conditions are favorable, two fungi can grow together and mix their DNA creating a new generation with greater variation. BOTH!? Some fungi like yeast don’t even bother with spores, they simply bud. Meaning they grow offspring off their own body. BOTH!? What would it look like if a human underwent budding? BOTH!? What would it look like if a human underwent budding? BOTH!? What would it look like if a human underwent budding? Classification of Fungi Fungi are classified by the shape of their spore producing structures. Threadlike Fungi These fungi are...threadlike! Sac Fungi Yeast, morels, truffles, are some examples. They have...sacks. Club Fungi Including puffballs and mushrooms, they have a club shape. Imperfect Fungi These fungi are tiny and have random often fuzzy appearances. Importance of Fungi Many fungi are decomposers, mainly of plant material. Importance of Fungi Many fungi are in our food. Fungi can be used to make medicine. In 1928, Alexander Fleming was growing bacteria when he got some mold growing on his petri dishes. Fungi can be used to make medicine. He realized that the bacteria around the mold were being killed by something the mold were producing. Fungi can be used to make medicine. This was the birth of antibiotics. Many chemicals that we use to kill bacterial infections are chemicals produced by fungi. Fungi can cause disease. There are many examples of fungi that can cause damage to or even kill plants, including many important crops. Fungi can cause disease. Fungi can also infect animals including us. Athlete's foot and ringworm are both fungal infections.