Download Chronic Disease - Branch-Hillsdale

ST. JOSEPH COUNTY ACCESS TO CARE TASK FORCE
Chronic Disease
Death Rates
St. Joseph County
Heart Diseases
Cancer
239.5
182.6
Chronic Lower
Respiratory
Diseases
49.2
Stroke
41.7
What We Know…
According to the St. Joseph County 2012 Community Health Needs
Assessment, 29% of the population surveyed (620 respondents) suffer from
chronic lower back pain and 28% reported having high blood pressure. In
addition, 10% to 24% of the respondents reported having chronic diabetes;
not receiving a cancer screen test in the last two years; and not receiving a
routine cardiac screening test in the last two years.
As a nation, 75% of our health care dollars goes to treatment of chronic
diseases. These persistent conditions—the nation’s leading causes of death
and disability—leave in their wake deaths that could have been prevented,
lifelong disability, compromised quality of life, and burgeoning health care
costs.
Chronic diseases – such as heart disease, cancer, chronic lower
respiratory diseases, stroke and diabetes – are among the most common,
costly, and preventable of all health problems and are responsible for 70% of
all deaths.
Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the
nation, in Michigan and in St. Joseph County. The term "heart disease" refers
to several types of heart conditions. The most common type in the United
States is coronary artery disease, which can cause heart attack, angina, heart
failure, and arrhythmias. We know that:
•
Diabetes
32.6
•
•
Source:
Age-Adjusted Death Rates per 100,000
population, 2009-11 Michigan Resident Death Files,
Vital Records and Health Statistics Section, DVRHS,
MDCH
Only 4.6% of Michiganians reported
engaging in all four healthy lifestyles
(having a normal Body Mass Index or BMI,
consuming the recommended number of
fruits/vegetables, abstaining from
smoking and maintaining adequate
physical activity.)
MI BRFS, 2009
January, 2014
•
Within the Branch-Hillsdale-St. Joseph jurisdiction that 5.6% of adults had
ever been told they had a heart attack or myocardial infarction; and 5.1%
had ever been told they had angina or coronary heart disease.
Between 2009 and 2011, nearly 1 out of every 3 deaths in St. Joseph
County occurred as a result of heart disease.
After accounting for age distribution differences, St. Joseph County’s
heart disease death rates are nearly 20% greater than Michigan’s death
rates and 36% greater than national death rates.
Between 2009 and 2011, on average, 893 St. Joseph County residents
were hospitalized each year for heart disease conditions. Heart diseases
accounted for 11.8% of all hospital admissions.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death for both men and women in
St. Joseph County. Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells
divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. Cancer cells
spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems.
Cancer deaths are attributed to five causes: malignant neoplasms of the
colon, rectum and anus; malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus and
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY ACCESS TO CARE TASK FORCE
PAGE 2
What We Can Do…
Cardiovascular Disease
Clinical
Implement a clinical decisionsupport systems (CDSS) to
assist healthcare providers in
implementing clinical
guidelines at the point of
care.
Individuals
Adopt health as a core value
and the Governor’s 4x4 plan
which includes: know your
BMI, glucose, blood pressure
and cholesterol, getting an
annual physical, not smoking,
eating healthy and getting
exercise.
Public/
Offer free or low-cost
Policies
cholesterol checks at health
fairs and other community
events.
Cancer Screenings
Clinical
Assess how many patients
receive screenings (i.e., pap
tests, fecal occult blood tests,
mammograms, etc.) and
provide feedback on their
performance through the use
of reminders and recalls that
can be added to patient
medical records.
Public/
Policies
Implement informed
decision-making
interventions through group
education and mass media
about the importance of
getting timely screenings.
Hypertension Screenings
Clinical
Institute a team-based care
approach to improve blood
pressure control which
consists of patient, primary
care physician, nurse and/or
pharmacist.
Public/
Offer free blood pressure
Policies
checks at health fairs,
churches and other
community events.
Diabetes Screenings
Clinical
Utilize diabetes educators in
clinical practices.
Public/
Implement diabetes selfPolicies
management programs in
community settings for type
1 and type 2 diabetics.
lung; malignant neoplasm of the breast; malignant neoplasm of the
prostate; and other malignant neoplasms. We know that:
• Five-year cancer incidence age-adjusted rates for St. Joseph County
are trending downwards, falling from 464.7 per 100,000 (1996-2000)
to 422.7 per 100,000 (2006-2010); however, each year on average
there are 296 new invasive cancer cases diagnosed each year. (MDCH,
2010)
• Within the Branch-Hillsdale-St. Joseph jurisdiction:
o 57% of women, 40 years and older, had a clinical breast exam and
mammogram;
o 72.7% of women, 18 years and older, had an appropriately timed
pap test;
o 45.5% of men, 50 years and older, had a PSA test for prostate
cancer; and
o 52.7% of adults, 50 years and older, had a Sigmoidoscopy in past 5
years or a Colonoscopy in the past 10 Years. (MI BRFS, 2008-10)
• On average, 137 St. Joseph County residents die each year from
Cancer (2008-2010, MDCH). Of those deaths, lung cancer claims 40
lives, colorectal cancer claims 13 lives, breast cancer claims 9 lives; and
prostate cancer claims 6 lives.
Other Chronic Diseases, including chronic lower respiratory diseases /
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (CLRD/COPD), stroke and
diabetes, are major causes of death, as well as major causes of disability
and risk factors for heart disease. CLRD/COPD, refers to a group of
diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems,
which includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis and some asthma cases.
Stroke occurs when a clot blocks the blood supply to the brain or when a
blood vessel in the brain bursts. Uncontrolled high blood pressure
(hypertension) increases a person's stroke risk by four to six times.
Diabetes is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal. This
can cause serious health complications including heart disease, blindness,
kidney failure and lower-extremity amputations. We know that:
• CLRD/COPD is the 3rd leading cause of death in St. Joseph County.
Stroke is the 4th leading cause and diabetes is the 6th leading cause.
• Tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor for chronic
bronchitis and emphysema deaths, accounting for approximately 80%
to 90% of cases.
• Stroke is a leading cause of long-term, severe disability. By age 55,
over 50% of both men and women have been diagnosed with
hypertension. In addition to being a major risk factor for heart disease,
it is also a major risk factor for congestive heart failure and kidney
disease.
• St. Joseph’s age-adjusted death rate from diabetes is 36% greater than
the State’s rate (2009-2011). In addition, 1 out of 10 St. Joseph adults
have diabetes. It is estimated that 1 out of 4 residents, ages 18 years
and older, have a condition called pre-diabetes. (CDC, 2010)