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Texas A&M System Dairy Team Texas A&M System www.texasdairyma3ers.org Basic Lacta)on Physiology in Dairy Cows and the milking procedures. Ralph Bruno, Robert Hagevoort, Kevin Lager and Pablo Pinedo Texas AgriLife Extension Service Texas A&M University / West Texas A&M university New Mexico State University – Dairy Extension HSC, Oct 2011 http://texasdairymatters.org Copyright © 2010 Dr. Ralph Bruno – All Rights Reserved Texas A&M System Why is it important to understand lacta)on physiology? • To be3er understand how to milk cows – Milk cows more efficiently • To be able to milk cows correctly – To avoid under /over milking • To be able to understand the milking rouSne – To have a consistant milking rouSne Quality Control of the Milking Procedure! Texas A&M System When do cows start to produce milk? AUer their first calf is born! Texas A&M System What is a lactaSon curve? ≥2nd LactaSon Milk Production 1stLactaSon Days in Milk Texas A&M System What impacts the lactaSon curve? • NutriSon • Bad milking rouSne • Sickness – Clinical masSSs & – Subclinical masSSs Points of intervenSon where we can opSmize milk producSon! Texas A&M System 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. How the milking rouSne can affect lactaSon performance Moving cows calm and gently Cleaning teats Timing for milk-‐let-‐down sSmulaSon Predip Machine dropping/kicking Liner slip and squawking Machine cleaning in between cows Postdip Texas A&M System Understanding these impacts • Move cows calm and gently – Naturally cows walk slowly! – How much milk does an udder hold? – How much does an udder weigh? Esa ubre pesa de 110 a 165 lbs!!! Texas A&M System Many hormones are responsible for mammary gland funcSoning Texas A&M System The milking parlor should be STRESS FREE! • Loud noises, rude handling of animals or agressive behavior of milkers result in cows holding up their milk (no let-‐down). • This in turn affects milk producSon (today and as a result long term). Texas A&M System How does that work? • A cow that is either nervous, agitated or scared doesn’t have a normal milk letdown and takes long to finish milking. • Fear – adrenaline release increased blood flow to muscles which means a reduced blood flow to the udder, affecSng milk let down. • Adrenaline is the antagonist of oxytocin. • This leads to an extended milking Sme -‐unSl the adrenaline levels are back to normal. Texas A&M System Blood support High demand for nutrients and hormones needed for milk letdown – For every gallon of milk produced – 500 gallons of blood need to pass through the udder – Oxytocin regulates the milk letdown Texas A&M System Inside structure of an udder Texas A&M System Texas A&M System Oxytocin producSon Texas A&M System Oxytocin effect on alveoli : contrac)o n Bovine Mammary Gland Alveolus Milk letdown Texas A&M System Effect of stress on milk letdown: Texas A&M System Effect of sSmulaSon on oxytocin release Oxytocin Milk Source: DeLaval website Texas A&M System Take home message 1 Cows need to be brought into the milking parlor calm and gently in a stress free environment! Texas A&M System Milking as clean as possible! • First and foremost: we are producing food! • Improve milk quality: – Lower SomaSc Cell Count (SCC) – Reduce the bacteria count • SPC, LPC and Coli • Minimize the risk for maSsSs Texas A&M System ProducSon of Healthy Cows vs. Cows with MasSSs Milk Production Healthy MasSSs MasSSs s MasSS Days in Milk Texas A&M System Effect of Mas) ) s Destruction of mammary tissue (alveoli) Texas A&M System PrevenSon of MasSSs • Hygiene – milk clean cows • Disinfect the teats and teat ends – Use pre-‐dip correctly • Maintain clean milking equipment • Check for masSSs! Texas A&M System Use of washpen • Washing without proper drying is asking for disaster! • Allow Sme for sufficient drying Sme • How much Sme is that? Wet teats also allow machines to slip and drop easily. Texasas A&M Systetem m C Clean Milking! Good job! Texas A&M System Teat disinfecSon • Teats first need to be clean • Dip with disinfectant: • • • • • • Iodophors 0.0 -‐1.0 % Chlorhexidine 0.2% Quats 0.5% LDBSA 0.2% Hypochlorous acid Bleach ? AcSon Sme: >30 – 40 seconds Texas A&M System PosiSon of milkers Texas A&M System PosiSon of milkers Texas A&M System Completely cover teats with disinfectant BEFORE and AFTER milking • Cover ALL of the teat! WHY? • Good coverage will kill the majority of bacteria on the teat • This reduces the chances of these bacteria entering the teat canal Texas A&M System No comment! Texas A&M System Take home message 2 Proper hygiene during the milking rouSne guarantees be3er milk quality, and reduces the risk of transmission of masSSs causing agents. Texas A&M System Why is Soma ) c Cell Count Important? Texas A&M System Final ConsideraSons • Every dairy should have a WRITTEN protocol for the milking rouSne specifically designed for the condiSons of that dairy. • Every cow should always be milked with the same rouSne all the Sme. • Every milker working in that parlor should be properly trained and instructed to always follow that rouSne. • Like with every rouSne there is driU: becoming proficient is a ma3er of training, training and re-‐training. • The milking rouSne should rouSnely be evaluated by management. • Any deviaSon from an established rouSne is unacceptable and should be corrected immediately. • If there are apparent issues with the rouSne, this MUST be brought to the a3enSon of the supervisor to be invesSgated. Texas A&M System Regardless of the routine: we have the obligation to produce milk of the highest quality possible! Texasas A&M Systetem m Thanks for your a3enSon QuesSons?