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Full-discviewofPlutoinnear-truecolour,picturedbyNewHorizons Pluto:DwarfPlanet Contributors: LydiaOwens–Fall2015 Ma;hewSkekel–Fall2013 WilsonManyacka--Spring2013 ASTR101 MikeChu MontgomeryCollege,Germantown Pluto’sHistory • Discoveredin1930byUSastronomer, ClydeTombaugh. • 1992:AstronomersidenUfiedmoreicy bodiessimilartoPluto • 2003:Eriswasfound,causing astronomerstodefinetheterm ‘planet’,whichinturnreclassifiedPluto toDwarfPlanet • In2006theInternaUonalAstronomical UnionreclassifiedPlutofromPlanetto DwarfPlanet • July2015NewHorizonsspacecra]past byPlutoandsentimagesbacktoNASA • Wasnamedbyali;legirlinEngland h;ps://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Clyde_Tombaugh Who/WhatisPluto? • Plutoisadwarfplanet • PlutohasmoremoonsthanMars • Itsorbitissohighlyinclined,andellipUcalenoughtocomeclosertothesunthananyother planets • Onlyhas65%ofthediameterofEarth’smoon • VeryhardtoseefromEarth • ItsorbitissofarfromtheSunthateventhemostgaseouscompoundswouldfreeze • Ittakes248yearstocompleteonerotaUonaroundtheSun • ThetemperatureonPlutorangesfrom375to400degreesbelowzero • Has1/15thegravitythatwehavehere • Accordingtomythology,Plutowasthenameoftheunderworldgod,alsoknownasHades! • PlutoislocatedintheKuiperbelt Pluto’sCharacteristicsand Components Plutoiscomposedofrockandice;50%-70%rockand30%-50%ice. Plutois1/6ththesizeofearth VisualApparentmagnituderangesfrom15.1to13.65atPerihelion Plutoissmallandhaslowdensitywhichmeansmuchlessgravity thanthatonEarth(.066ofEarth’sgravity–100ibpersonweighs just7ibs) • ComposedofCarbonmonoxide,nitrogen,andmethane • • • • h;p:// www.mirror.c o.uk/news/ technologyscience/ science/plutonew-horizonsliveupdates-60683 22 WhatmakesPlutoadwarf planet?(viaIAU) • becauseitisverysmall,icy, andisnotJovianor Terrestrial(likeearth) • Sinceithasalmostallofthe samecharacterisUcsofa planet,exceptdoesnothave a“neighborhood”cleared arounditsorbit,itis classifiedasaTransNeptunianObject(TNO) • Tobeaplanetitmust:bein orbitaroundthesun;be massiveenoughtobea spherebyitsown gravitaUonalforce;andmust clearaneighborhoodaround itsorbit Pluto’sMoons • Plutohas5moons • CharonwasthefirstdiscoveredmoonofPlutofoundbyClyde Tombaugh • Theotherfourwererecentlydiscovered,mostrecentlyin1978by JamesChristy • Theirnames:Nix,Kerberos,StyxandHydra h;p:// solarsystem.nasa. gov/images/ content/PlutoSystem(NewNames).jpg Pluto’sFamilyofIcyDwarf Planets • CalledpluUnos,whichisthenamefortheicyobjectsinthe Kuiperbelt. • Formedinoutersolarnebula • Maybeasmanyas100millionplanetesimalsintheKuiper beltsimilartoPluto • Someoftheplanetesimalsmayhaveoncebeensomeof Neptune'smoons ImagefromWikipediaCommons NewHorizonsFlyby • UnUltheflyby,weknewalmostnothingaboutPluto • TheNewHorizonsspacecra]wassentouttoexplorePlutoandthe KuiperBelt • LaunchedJanuary2006 • FirstflybywasJupiterforagravityboostandtodoscienUficstudies • Summer2015,conducted6monthlongreconnaissanceflybystudy ofPlutoanditsmoons • July2015cameclosesttoPluto,thenconUnuedonitsmission deeperintotheKuiperBelt h;ps:/ / astron omyan dlaw.fil es.wor dpress. com/ 2012/0 7/ nhhopk inspost er_pos tersize. jpg NewScienceonPluto • BecauseofNewHorizons,wehavemoreinformaUonofPluto andPluto’smoons • WewillsoonbeabletotellhowPlutoanditsicyPluUno’s wereformed • DiscoveryofstrongultravioletwavelengthabsorberonPluto’s surfacemeanspossibilityofcomplexhydrocarbonand/or nitratemoleculeonPluto’ssurface h;ps://www.nasa.gov/ feature/stunningnightside-imagereveals-pluto-s-hazyskies Pluto’sIcyMountains • Newimagesshownearthe equatorthereareyoung mountainsrisingabout11,000 feet • Theyformednomorethan100 millionyearsago,young comparedtotheageofthe solarsystem • MountainsmightsUllbeinthe processofgrowingeventaller • AgeisesUmatedbasedonlack ofcratersinthearea ImageCredit:NASA-JHUAPL-SwRI Whatis“PlutoTime”? • ManybelievethatPlutoisa completelydarkplanet,butin factifyouweretolook outsideyourhousearound duskorsunset,itwouldbe verysimilartothedaily brightnessonPluto. • NASAbeganasocialmedia campaigncalled“#PlutoTime” andpeopleallovertheworld begansendingimagesoftheir “PlutoTime” • Theimageisamosaicofmany oftheimagesofpeople’sown neighborhoodsentin ImageCredit:NASA/JPL “PlutoUme”imagefromtheBergiusBotanicalGarden h;p://monochrome.suUc.nu/2015/06/18/pluto-Ume-at-the-bergiusbotanic-garden.html Questions ThefollowingquesUonswillbeansweredinthePowerPoint: • WhyisPlutoclassifiedasadwarfplanet? • WhofoundPluto? • HowdidPlutogetitsname? • WhatdidNewHorizonsdiscoverorfind? • WhatisPlutolike? Sources • Backman,DanaE.,Seeds,MichaelA.Texbook.“HorizonsExploringtheUniverse” EleventhEdiUon.2010. • Talbert,Tricia.“NewHorizons:TheFirstMissionToThePlutoSystemandtheKuiper Belt”.Web.24Aug.2015.NaUonalAeronauUcsandSpaceAdministraUon.27Oct. 2015.h;p://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/newhorizons/overview/index.html • Dunbar,Brian.“WhatisPluto”Web.16Sept2015.NaUonalAeronauUcsandSpace AdministraUon.27Oct.2015. h;p://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-ismicrogravity-k4.html • Talbert,Tricia.TheIcyMountainsofPluto.Web.4Nov2015.NaUonalAeronauUcs andSpaceAdministraUon.15July2015. h;ps://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/the-icy-mountains-of-pluto • NASA(nodate)Howmanymoons?Share:(funcCon(d,s,id){varjs,Is= d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(d.getElementById(id))return;js= d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=‘//connect.facebook.net/en_US/ sdk.js#xYml=1&appId=121998447847202&version=v2.0’;Is.p.Availableat: h;p://spaceplace.nasa.gov/how-many-moons/en/(Accessed:4December 2015).h;p://spaceplace.nasa.gov/how-many-moons/en/ • Cain,F.(2015)WhodiscoveredPluto?.Availableat:h;p://www.universetoday.com/46228/ who-discovered-pluto/(Accessed:4December2015) • Unknown(nodate)ScienceDaily.Availableat:h;p://www.sciencedaily.com/ releases/2011/12/111220133803.htm(Accessed:6December2015). • h;p://www.spacestaUoninfo.com/physical-characterisUcs-pluto.htm • h;ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto