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Daphne Major Galapagos Island Seed and Finch Data. Assignment: Type in 14 font 1. Table Set-up Please use a Google Spread Sheet to make 2 tables. (Make tables on the same sheet.) One table using the year & wet/dry and seed data and 1 table showing the year & wet/dry and male/female beak length data. Drive - New Sheet Title your spreadsheet: Finch Data Make headers for your first data table: Year, Tibullus, Cactus, Portulaca, Chamae. Change font to bold and align to center. Skip 3 columns and make headers for the second table: Year, Male Beak Size, Female Beak Size. Change font to bold and align to center. Click on the top of each column. Click on “format”. Choose wrap text. Add Year data on first column You can copy and paste the first column (year wet/dry) of the first table into the first column of your second table. Data for Year columns: 1973 wet,1973 dry, 1976 wet, 1976 dry, 1977 wet, 1977 dry, 1978 wet, 2. Add seed data to correct column. Daphne Major experienced a wet season in the beginning of 1973. Following is the data of seed production for the early wet season of 1973. Portulaca = 500 Chamae = 60 Cactus= 600 Tribulus= 720 The end of 1973 experienced a dry season. Following is the data of seed production for the wet season of 1973. Portulaca = 200 Chamae = 35 Cactus= 300 Tribulus= 570 1976 started with a wet season. Following is the data of seed production for the wet season of 1976. Portulaca = 450 Chamae = 57 Cactus= 500 Tribulus= 663 1976 ended with a dry season. Following is the data of seed production for the dry season of 1976. Portulaca = 130 Chamae = 21 Cactus= 230 Tribulus= 500 1977 started with a wet season. Following is the data of seed production for the wet season of 1977. Portulaca = 20 Chamae = 5 Cactus= 100 Tribulus= 240 1977 ended with a dry season. Following is the data of seed production for the dry season of 1977. Portulaca = 0 Chamae = 0 Cactus= 20 Tribulus= 80 The last data for Daphne Major is for the wet season of 1978. Following is the data of seed production for the wet season of 1978. Portulaca = 380 Chamae = 48 Cactus= 460 Tribulus= 700 4. Color Code Seed Size Columns on your spreadsheet. Please use the data below to color code seed size. Use these same colors to code the data table columns and your graph. Be sure you include the name of the seed, (and the color listed), in your key on your graph and table. Use the following data to decide what color you should make each seed column. Smallest softest Seed = red Next Largest Seed = blue Next Largest Seed = green Largest hardest Seed = brown Daphne Major is an island in the Galapagos islands. There are 4 types of seeds on the island. Tibullus - The seeds of the tribulus are protected inside a spiny shell, with about 5 to 6 seeds in each shell. The spiny pods for the seed are the reason the plant is called "puncture vine." Seed Length 5.8 mm Seed Volume 12.0 mm Seed Rigidity Hard Prickly Pear Cactus - The prickly pear cactus on Daphne Major are usually 1 to 3 meters tall. The prickly pear cactus produces green fruits and has yellow flowers 5 to 7 cm across. The cactus finches eat the seeds and nectar from the flowers and eat the fruit and seeds. The ground finches feed on the fruit and seeds of the cactus. Prickly pear cactus on North Seymour island in the Galápagos.(Photo, Alexis Fisher) Seed Length 3.0 mm Seed Volume 3.6 mm Seed Rigidity Medium Portulaca Scientific name: Portulaca howelli The portulaca grows on small rocky islets. Its stems are thick and fleshy. The portulaca has oblong leaves, up to 3 cm long. In the wet season, it has large yellow flowers, up to 4 cm wide when fully open. In the dry season, the green leaves turn a red color. Portulaca in the wet season.(Photo, Barry Soames) Portulaca during the dry season, Plaza Island, Galápagos.(Photo, Irene Weisner) Seed Length 1.0 mm Seed Volume 1.8 mm Seed Rigidity . Soft Chamae - Chamaesyce is a small shrub that grows in the arid parts of the Galápagos. It has stems from 3 to 6 mm thick. Flowers grow in bunches joined at the base. The plant contains a sticky sap. Ground finches eat the fruit and seeds of the Chamaesyce. They can eat the fruit whole. These plants turn reddish brown in the dry season. Chamaesyce amplexicaulis, on Bartolome, Galápagos.(Photo, Kennedy Harris) Seed Length 0.8 mm Seed Volume 0.3 mm Seed Rigidity Soft Table 2: Title = Male and Female Beak Size 5. Add data to Male and Female Beak Size Following data is for the beak size of all the finches of Daphne Major. All beaks (small medium and large) were measured. The following is the average beak length in millimeters for all 3 species of finches. Male Beak Size in mm 1973 wet season: 10.8 1973 dry season: 10.5 1976 wet season: 10.6 1976 dry season: 11.5 1977 wet season: 12.2 1977 dry season: 12.5 1978 wet season: 12.5 Female Beak Size in mm 10 10.1 10.5 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 6. Color code male/female columns on your spreadsheet Male = dark blue/purple Female = Pink 7. Turn each data table into a graph (“chart” in program). Hi-light columns and click on “chart” to turn your data into a graph. Turn bar graph into a vertical (up & down) bar graph. The color from your columns may not transfer to your graph. If not, click on a bar and change the color so it matches your table color. Remember to leave year white. Click on arrow on top right of box. Choose advanced edit Click on the parts of the graph you need to change/add to: title, horizontal axis, left vertical axis 8. Copy and paste the following questions, (1-7), on the bottom of your graph. Use your graphs to fill in the answers. Please type your answers in 14 BOLD font. Questions: 1. In the dry season, which of the 4 seeds were the most plentiful? ________________________ 2. What was the size of the seed that was the most plentiful? (smallest, small, medium, large) 3. Look at the data in the years 1976 and 1977. What seeds are the most plentiful? What happens to the beak sizes during these years? 4. Why do you think the beak sizes changed during these years? 5. Look at the data in the years 1973-1976. What can you say about the seed amounts of each type? What are the average beak sizes during these years? 6. Why do you think the beak sizes are the sizes they are during these periods? 7. How are the finches on Daphne Major an example of natural selection at work? MS-LS4-6 Use mathematical representations to support explanations of how natural selection may lead to increases and decreases of specific traits in populations over time. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on using mathematical models, probability statements, and proportional reasoning to support explanations of trends in changes to populations over time.] 6-8.CT.1. Use databases or spreadsheets to make predictions, develop strategies, and evaluate decisions to assist with solving a problem