Download Daphne Major Galapagos Island Seed and Finch Data. Assignment

Daphne Major Galapagos Island Seed and Finch Data.
Assignment: Type in 14 font
1. Table Set-up Please use a Google Spread Sheet to make 2 tables.
(Make tables on the same sheet.) One table using the year & wet/dry and
seed data and 1 table showing the year & wet/dry and male/female beak
length data.
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Drive - New Sheet
Title your spreadsheet: Finch Data
Make headers for your first data table: Year, Tibullus, Cactus,
Portulaca, Chamae. Change font to bold and align to center.
Skip 3 columns and make headers for the second table: Year,
Male Beak Size, Female Beak Size. Change font to bold and
align to center.
Click on the top of each column. Click on “format”. Choose wrap
text.
Add Year data on first column You can copy and paste the first
column (year wet/dry) of the first table into the first column of
your second table.
 Data for Year columns: 1973 wet,1973 dry, 1976 wet, 1976
dry, 1977 wet, 1977 dry, 1978 wet,
2. Add seed data to correct column.
Daphne Major experienced a wet season in the beginning of 1973.
Following is the data of seed production for the early wet season of 1973.
Portulaca = 500
Chamae = 60
Cactus= 600
Tribulus= 720
The end of 1973 experienced a dry season. Following is the data of seed
production for the wet season of 1973. Portulaca = 200
Chamae = 35
Cactus= 300
Tribulus= 570
1976 started with a wet season. Following is the data of seed production for
the wet season of 1976. Portulaca = 450
Chamae = 57
Cactus= 500
Tribulus= 663
1976 ended with a dry season. Following is the data of seed production for
the dry season of 1976. Portulaca = 130
Chamae = 21
Cactus= 230
Tribulus= 500
1977 started with a wet season. Following is the data of seed production for
the wet season of 1977. Portulaca = 20
Chamae = 5 Cactus= 100
Tribulus= 240
1977 ended with a dry season. Following is the data of seed production for
the dry season of 1977. Portulaca = 0
Chamae = 0 Cactus= 20
Tribulus= 80
The last data for Daphne Major is for the wet season of 1978. Following is
the data of seed production for the wet season of 1978. Portulaca = 380
Chamae = 48
Cactus= 460
Tribulus= 700
4. Color Code Seed Size Columns on your spreadsheet.
Please use the data below to color code seed size. Use these
same colors to code the data table columns and your graph. Be sure you
include the name of the seed, (and the color listed), in your key on your
graph and table. Use the following data to decide what color you should
make each seed column.
Smallest softest Seed = red
Next Largest Seed = blue
Next Largest Seed = green
Largest hardest Seed = brown
Daphne Major is an island in the Galapagos islands. There are 4 types of
seeds on the island.
Tibullus - The seeds of the
tribulus are protected inside a
spiny shell, with about 5 to 6
seeds in each shell. The spiny
pods for the seed are the reason
the plant is called "puncture vine."
Seed Length 5.8 mm
Seed Volume 12.0 mm
Seed Rigidity
Hard
Prickly Pear Cactus - The prickly pear cactus on Daphne Major are
usually 1 to 3 meters tall.
The prickly pear cactus produces green fruits and has yellow flowers 5 to 7
cm across. The cactus finches eat the seeds and nectar from the flowers
and eat the fruit and seeds. The ground finches feed on the fruit and seeds
of the cactus.
Prickly pear cactus on North Seymour island in the Galápagos.(Photo,
Alexis Fisher)
Seed Length 3.0 mm
Seed Volume 3.6 mm
Seed Rigidity Medium
Portulaca
Scientific name: Portulaca howelli
The portulaca grows on small rocky islets. Its stems are thick and fleshy.
The portulaca has oblong leaves, up to 3 cm long. In the wet season, it has
large yellow flowers, up to 4 cm wide when fully open. In the dry season,
the green leaves turn a red color.
Portulaca in the wet season.(Photo, Barry Soames)
Portulaca during the dry season, Plaza Island, Galápagos.(Photo, Irene
Weisner)
Seed Length 1.0 mm
Seed Volume 1.8 mm
Seed Rigidity
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Soft
Chamae - Chamaesyce is a small shrub that grows in the arid parts of the
Galápagos. It has stems from 3 to 6 mm thick. Flowers grow in bunches
joined at the base. The plant contains a sticky sap. Ground finches eat the
fruit and seeds of the Chamaesyce. They can eat the fruit whole. These
plants turn reddish brown in the dry season.
Chamaesyce amplexicaulis, on Bartolome, Galápagos.(Photo, Kennedy
Harris)
Seed Length 0.8 mm
Seed Volume 0.3 mm
Seed Rigidity
Soft
Table 2: Title = Male and Female Beak Size
5. Add data to Male and Female Beak Size
Following data is for the beak size of all the finches of Daphne Major. All
beaks (small medium and large) were measured. The following is the
average beak length in millimeters for all 3 species of finches.
Male Beak Size in mm
1973 wet season:
10.8
1973 dry season:
10.5
1976 wet season:
10.6
1976 dry season:
11.5
1977 wet season:
12.2
1977 dry season:
12.5
1978 wet season:
12.5
Female Beak Size in mm
10
10.1
10.5
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
6. Color code male/female columns on your spreadsheet
Male = dark blue/purple
Female = Pink
7. Turn each data table into a graph (“chart” in program). Hi-light columns
and click on “chart” to turn your data into a graph.
 Turn bar graph into a vertical (up & down) bar graph.
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The color from your columns may not transfer to your
graph. If not, click on a bar and change the color so it
matches your table color. Remember to leave year white.
Click on arrow on top right of box. Choose advanced edit
 Click on the parts of the graph you need to
change/add to: title, horizontal axis, left vertical
axis
8. Copy and paste the following questions, (1-7), on the bottom of your graph.
Use your graphs to fill in the answers. Please type your answers in 14
BOLD font.
Questions:
1. In the dry season, which of the 4 seeds were the most plentiful?
________________________
2.
What was the size of the seed that was the most plentiful? (smallest,
small, medium, large)
3.
Look at the data in the years 1976 and 1977. What seeds are the
most plentiful? What happens to the beak sizes during these years?
4.
Why do you think the beak sizes changed during these years?
5.
Look at the data in the years 1973-1976. What can you say about the
seed amounts of each type? What are the average beak sizes during these
years?
6.
Why do you think the beak sizes are the sizes they are during these
periods?
7.
How are the finches on Daphne Major an example of natural
selection at work?
MS-LS4-6 Use mathematical representations to support explanations of how natural selection
may lead to increases and decreases of specific traits in populations over time. [Clarification
Statement: Emphasis is on using mathematical models, probability statements, and proportional
reasoning to support explanations of trends in changes to populations over time.]
6-8.CT.1. Use databases or spreadsheets to make predictions, develop strategies, and evaluate
decisions to assist with solving a problem