Download Sun and Planets.notebook

Sun and Planets.notebook
Our Sun
October 18, 2016
Our Sun (a quick review)
main
sequence
• Average size __________ ______________ star
Hydrogen
• _______________ is the main fuel source
• In about 5 billion years it will become a
& the Planets
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Our Sun (new facts)
99.9
• Makes up about ___________ percent of the mass of our solar system.
red
giant
_________ ___________ as it swells in diameter
white
dwarf
• Will eventually die as a ___________ __________
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Our Sun (new facts)
• Atmosphere layers:
Provides sunlight that powers the Earth
Sunspots occasionally observed
11 year cycle
• Layers:
Core: ~ 15 million K
It’s the “power plant” of the Sun
Nuclear Fusion
___________ ___________ occurs here
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Our Sun (new facts)
• Corona
Very large; millions of kilometers thick
Electrically charged particles (“Solar Winds”) Coronal Mass Ejections
http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/how­the­universe­works­solar­winds.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuD82q4Fxgk
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Oct 2­7:05 AM
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Sun and Planets.notebook
October 18, 2016
Our Sun (new facts)
Main body of the Sun: ~ 1.5 million km wide
~ 1,000,000 miles
Main body + Atmosphere + Corona: ~ 3.5 million km wide
~ 2,200,000 miles
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Planet Rotation versus Revolution:
The Planets:
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Oct 2­7:05 AM
• Rotation Spinning around a planet’s own axis.
(Terrestrial Planets)
Most planets rotate from West to East.
__________________________ when counterclockwise
looking down on a planet’s North Pole.
(Jovian Planets)
One period of rotation for a planet is
another word for ___________.
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Oct 2­7:05 AM
West Coast of U.S.
West Coast of U.S.
East Coast of U.S.
East Coast of U.S.
Oct 2­5:02 PM
Oct 2­5:02 PM
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Sun and Planets.notebook
Counterclockwise (when viewed from North Pole)
October 18, 2016
Planet Rotation versus Revolution:
• Rotation Spinning around a planet’s own axis.
Most planets rotate from West to East.
counterclockwise
__________________________ when looking down on a planet’s North Pole.
One period of rotation for a planet is
day
another word for ___________.
Oct 2­5:02 PM
Planet Rotation versus Revolution:
• Revolution A planet’s orbit around the Sun.
All planets revolve around the Sun in a counterclockwise
__________________________ direction
when looking down upon the Sun’s North Pole.
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Terrestrial Planets (the four “inner planets”)
• Larger / Smaller planets of relatively high / low
masses with rocky surfaces. "Terra" = Latin for "earth"
One period of revolution for a planet is
another word for ___________.
year
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Terrestrial Planets (the four “inner planets”)
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Terrestrial Planets (the four “inner planets”)
• Larger / Smaller planets of relatively high / low
• Formed mainly from metals because of the
masses with rocky surfaces. Sun
high temperatures from the ___________.
Metallic elements and compounds
require high temperatures to form...
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Oct 2­7:05 AM
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Sun and Planets.notebook
October 18, 2016
Mercury
Mercury
• Very thin atmosphere
• Greatest temperature range of any other planet
weak
• Planet so small that its gravity is ___________
~ 430 ⁰C in the daytime and ‐ 170 ⁰C at night
escape
and gases allowed to ___________ into space.
(escape velocity is 2 miles/second)
(Earth's is 7 miles/second)
800 0F to -275 0F
Daytime is ~30 "Earth days" long
Nightime is ~30 "Earth days" long
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Venus
Venus
“Earth’s twin”
• Very thick atmosphere
similar interior composition
• Very slow backwards rotation
East
West
• Rotates from ____________ to _______________
Retrograde
• Known as _____________________ rotation
• Always a layer of clouds
• Mostly carbon dioxide (CO2)
• CO2 traps heat in the atmosphere and its surface
becomes extremely hot (~ 460 ⁰C)
Greenhouse
Effect
• Example of the _________________ __________
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Venus
Earth
• Atmosphere is 90 times greater
in pressure than Earth’s • Special Features
70
• _____ percent water
Instead of ~15 p.s.i -- it's a whopping
• Atmosphere is:
1400 p.s.i. !
Nitrogen
• 78 percent _______________
(It will easily CRUSH you)
Oxygen
• 21 percent _______________
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Oct 2­7:05 AM
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Sun and Planets.notebook
October 18, 2016
Earth
• Special Features
• Ozone layer protects us
ultraviolet (UV)
from Sun’s _______________________
radiation.
Oct 2­5:34 PM
Earth
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Mars
• Special Features
• Magnetic field protects us from
highly charged particles bursting from the Sun
solar
winds
known as _______________ ________________.
• “Red” planet due to high concentration of
iron
oxides
__________ ___________
Solar system's largest volcano (15 miles high & would cover AZ)
"Olympus Mons"
• Atmosphere is mostly CO2 and very thin
~ 1% of the pressure of Earth’s atmosphere
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Olympus Mons (ter....)
Mt.
Everest
Mauna
Kea
Sep 30­10:47 AM
Sep 30­10:50 AM
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Sun and Planets.notebook
October 18, 2016
Mars
Mars
• “Red” planet due to • Surface temperatures warm
high concentration of
only to around ­20 0C
iron
oxides
__________ ___________
- 4 0F
(~ 1/2 size of Earth)
• Atmosphere is mostly CO2 and very thin
polar ice caps
~ 1% of the pressure of Earth’s atmosphere
Only 1/10 the mass of Earth
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Oct 2­7:05 AM
"Curiosity"
We are very interested in finding
liquid water on Mars......
"Follow the Water"
Were the
ingredients
for life as
we know it
available on
Mars?
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/video/2012/aug/03/nasa­curiosity­rover­life­mars­video
Oct 3­7:10 AM
Sep 30­10:30 AM
More Evidence of Running Water !!!!!
Sep 30­11:53 AM
Sep 30­10:30 AM
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Sun and Planets.notebook
October 18, 2016
But, what happend to it? Will it also happen to Earth?
Sep 30­10:30 AM
Jovian Planets (Jupiter‐like)
Sep 12­7:43 PM
Jovian Planets
• Four “Gas Giants” or “outer planets”
• Masses are so great that the force of • Larger / Smaller planets of relatively high / low
gravity
________________ is strong enough to keep
masses. gases from escaping into space.
ice
• Contain large quantities of ________ because
• Therefore, very thick atmospheres of gas.
they are located so far from the Sun.
Hydrogen
Helium
( 75% _______________ and 24% ____________)
(escape velocity of Jupiter = 37 miles/second !)
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Jupiter
Jovian Planets
Solid
cores
• ____________ ______________ believed to • Largest planet
be buried deep in their centers of thick gas.
• “Red Spot” believed to be an
ongoing storm.
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Oct 2­7:05 AM
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Sun and Planets.notebook
October 18, 2016
Saturn
Uranus
• Only planet that is • Axis of rotation is tilted
water
less dense than _________
90
_______ degrees from 1 g/cm3
• Very noticeable rings of ice and rocks
ALL Jovian planets have low densities.
Due to the fact they have such LARGE
VOLUMES.
Oct 2­7:05 AM
vertical and it rotates from
North to South (when viewed from Earth)
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Neptune
30
• Located ________ AU’s
from Sun.
(over 1,000 Earth's could fit inside Jupiter)
Oct 2­7:05 AM
Sep 12­7:55 PM
Transit of Venus (June 5th, 2012)
(over 1,000 Jupiters could fit inside the Sun...how many Earth's?)
Sep 12­7:58 PM
Sep 12­8:02 PM
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