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Section 2: The Rise of Greek City States LEQ: How did government and Culture develop as Greek city states grew Vocab • Polis • Acropolis • Citizen • Monarchy • Aristocracy • oligarchy • Phalanx • Sparta • Athens • Democracy • Tyrant • legislature Geography Shapes Greece • Landscape Defines Political Boundaries • Greece was divided into separate city states surrounded by mountains • The Greeks fiercely defended the independence of their city-states, and endless rivalry led to war • Life by the Sea • Importance of the sea • Vital link to the outside world • Became skilled sailors • Trade impacted Greek culture • Governing the City-States • Polis • made up of a major city or town and its surrounding countryside • Built on two levels • On the top level was the acropolis or high city with great marble temples dedicated to the gods and goddesses • The bottom level was the walled city • Types of Government Evolve • At first the city state was ruled by a king (monarchy) • Power then shifted to a small class of noble landowners (aristocracy) • As trade expanded power shifted to a small class of the wealthy elite (oligarchy) • New Warfare Shapes Greece • 650 B.C iron weapons replaced bronze • Phalanx: new method of fighting requiring large numbers of heavily armed foot soldiers and long hours of tactical training • Led to a decrease in class differences and the rise of two main city states • Sparta • Daily Life Ruled by Discipline • Preparation for life in the military started young for the males of Sparta • Women of Sparta • Expected to produce healthy sons for the army • Took on more responsibilities when the men were away at war • Athens • Demands for Change • Athens moved towards a democracy • Solon Reforms Government • Outlawed debt slavery and freed those who had already been sold into slavery for debt • Granted more rights to citizens • Despite his efforts citizenship remained limited which led to the rise of tyrants • A Limited Democracy • Only citizens could participate in government, citizenship was limited to landholding men Section 3: Conflict in the Greek World LEQ: How did war with invaders and conflicts among the Greeks affect the city-state? Vocab • Alliance • Pericles • Direct democracy • Stipend • Jury • ostracism • The Persian Wars • Athenians win at Marathon • A small group of Athenians were victorious over Darius the First’ Persian Army • The Persian Wars • Greek City-States Unite • The Greek city-states worked together to defeat the great Persian Army • Persian Wars • Athens Leads the Delian League • Athens emerged from the wars as the most powerful city-state and formed an alliance with the other Greek city-states known as the Delian League • Quick Check • What factors led to the Persian defeat? • Quick Check • What factors led to the Persian defeat? • Athenian assistance in the Ionian revolt • Unification of the Greek City States • Greek preparation • The Age of Pericles and Direct Democracy • Athenian Democracy • Direct democracy: the citizens took part directly in the day to day affairs of government • Men who served on the assemble received a stipend so that poor men could serve as well • Athenians served on juries • Public figures could be ostracized • Culture Thrives in Athens • Rebuilt the Acropolis • Turned Athens into the cultural center of Greece • Encouraged the arts and building projects • • Created jobs for Athenians • Check Point: Describe Pericles influence on Athens The Peloponnesian War • Sparta Defeats Athens • Athens was weakened by geographic disadvantages • Sparta was inland, therefore Athens could not use its powerful navy to attack • Pericles tried to protect his people by moving them all to the city which led to overcrowded conditions and plague that killed many Athenians, including Pericles himself • Greek Dominion Declines • Checkpoint…How did conflict lead to the decline of Athens?