Download 4th GRADE SCIENCE REVIEW

4th GRADE SCIENCE REVIEW
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Plants can grow without soil.
The correct order of processes changing the Earth’s surface is
weathering, erosion, than deposition.
Gravity is responsible for the erosion and deposition by glacier.
You can find pages discussing a particular topic in a book in the index.
A jetty is a pile of rocks near a beach to protect the beach from
erosion.
Landslides can be prevented by planting trees and shrubs on mountain
sides.
Soil is most likely to erode with there is no plant/tree/shrub cover.
A sinkhole is an example of chemical weather because acid rain reacts
and eats away at Limestone rock. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock.
A slow-moving glacier moves the biggest sediment.
To find definitions of words, look in the glossary of a book.
A river delta is formed when a river deposits sediment when it
reaches an ocean or large body of water (lake, reservoir, bigger river,
etc.)
Sediments are small particles of rock that have been weathered.
Dirty or “yellow” looking water is usually carrying a lot of sediment.
Wind carrying sediments will cause abrasions on other surfaces and
smooth them out.
Rocks can split because of ice wedging (water seeps into cracks,
freezes and expands). Frozen water takes up more space that liquid
water.
Plants and ice splitting rocks is an example of physical weathering.
An arch is an example of weathering by wind and the Grand Canyon is
an example of weathering by water. Chemical weather changes the
properties or makeup of rocks.
Weathering is the wearing away, breaking apart, or dissolving of rock.
Erosion is the movement of sediment and rock from one place to
another.
Abrasion is the scraping away of rocks.
Deposition is the laying down of sediment in a new place.
Basalt, granite, obsidian, and pumice are all igneous rocks.
Limestone, sandstone, shale, coal, and conglomerate are all
sedimentary rocks.
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Gneiss and marble are metamorphic rocks.
A rating of 1 or 2 on the Moh’s scale can be scraped. As the numbers
increase, so does the strength of the rock.
Diamond is the hardest substance and leaves a gray streak.
Mount Rushmore’s presidential heads are carved into granite.
Statues are often sculpted in marble.
Under heat and pressure, sandstone changes to quartzite.
Calcite reacts with vinegar by fizzing and it is the only rock that does.
Under heat and pressure, granite changes in gneiss.
Do the streak test to find if it is gold or pyrite. Pyrite leaves a black
streak while gold leaves a golden one.
Unlike all other rocks, coal is not made of minerals.
Under heat and pressure, limestone changes to marble.
Intrusive igneous rocks are made from magma while extrusive igneous
rocks are made from lava.
Metamorphic rocks are made from heat and pressure.
Sedimentary rocks are layered. Sometimes several rocks look
cemented together. Sedimentary is the only rock to contain fossils.
Igneous intrusive rocks have a lot of time to cool and often have large
crystals.
Some igneous extrusive rocks are not heavy and have air holes
because it cooled quickly. This type of rock is pumice. Igneous.
A metallic sheen means the mineral has luster.
If a mineral breaks into cubes it has cleavage.
Minerals have a crystalline structure and are a naturally occurring
material found in nature.
Rocks are made from minerals and both minerals and rocks are solid.
The Utah state animal is the Rocky Mountain elk, the state fish is the
Bonneville Cutthroat Trout, the state flower is the Sego Lilly, and the
state tree in the Colorado blue spruce.
Vertebrates have a backbone while invertebrates do not.
Rocky Mountains and high elevations receive the most precipitation.
Utah’s largest wetland is located around the Great Salt Lake. Brine
shrimp are most likely found at the Great Salt Lake.
All environments have water, but some environments have more.
Wetlands are found in high and low elevations while deserts are most
likely found in lower elevations.
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Deciduous trees drop their leaves in the fall while coniferous trees
keep their needles or foliage all year.
The human body temperature is 98.7 degrees. Water freezes at 32
degrees.
Low-pressure systems bring a drop in barometer readings and storms.
Wind moves from high-pressure to low-pressure areas.
Air pressure is lower at higher elevations.
Evaporation is liquid water changing to water vapor (gas).
Condensation is the opposite… water vaper (gas) changing to a liquid.
REMEMBER THE WATER CYCLE!
Transpiration is when water evaporates from plants.
Air masses from Canada are usually cold while air masses from the
Gulf of Mexico are usually warm.
Most weather occurs (happens) in the Troposphere.
Air pressure drops when a rainstorm is on its way!
A thermometer measures temperature, an anemometer measures wind
speed, a rain gauge measures precipitation levels, and a barometer
measures air pressure.
Stratus clouds are low, sheet-like clouds that bring mist, fog, and
rainy weather.
Cumulous clouds are billowy, fluffy, good-weathered clouds. They
often look like cotton.
Cirrus clouds are way up in the sky and look like lace or a patterned
design. They usually indicate an approaching storm. Mare’s tail.
The Mesozoic Era is the “Age of Reptiles” and the chronological order
of this era is Triassic-Jurassic-Cretaceous.
Fossilized dinosaur bones are heavy because they have been replaced
with minerals and are now rocks.
Dinosaur means “terribly lizard.”
Trilobites are ancient sea creatures that lived on ocean and sea
floors.
Preserved fossils are when the whole creature is preserved. Amber
fossil.
A leaf imprint in a rock is an example of an impression fossil.