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• The two most common modes of natural radioactivity are alpha decay and beta decay. • Most nuclear reactions emit energy in the form of gamma rays. Further Reading / Supplementary Links Short animation showing the bending of α, β, and γ radiation under the influence of electrically charged plates. Review Questions 1. Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of radon−198. 2. Write the nuclear equation for the beta decay of uranium−237. 3. There are six known quarks: up, down, charmed, strange, top, and bottom. Protons and neutrons are each made of only up and down quarks, and they are made of three quarks each. The up quark carries a charge of + 23 , and the down quark carries a charge of − 31 . Determine by the final charge on the proton and neutron what combination of three up and down quarks are required to make a proton and what combination will make a neutron. 4. Only one particle is missing from this equation. What are its atomic and mass numbers? 4 1 14 N + He → H + ? 7 2 1 5. To what element does the missing particle in question #1 belong? 6. When a U-235 nucleus is struck by a neutron, the nucleus may be split into Ce-144 and Sr-90 nuclei, also emitting four electrons and two neutrons. Write the equation for this nuclear reaction. 7. Complete the following nuclear equations by supplying the missing particles. 196 4 At → He + ? 85 2 208 4 Po → He + ? 84 2 210 4 Rn → He + ? 86 2 201 201 Hg + ? → Au 80 79 ?+ → 210 0 Po + e 84 -1 24.5 Nuclear Equations Lesson Objectives The student will: • define and give examples of fission and fusion. • classify nuclear reactions as fission or fusion. www.ck12.org 596