Download 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY

5 THEMES
OF GEOGRAPHY
DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHY
A Science that deals with :
Description
Distribution
Interaction
of the diverse
physical, biological, and cultural features
of the earth's surface
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IN PLAIN ENGLISH
Geography is the study of:
the earth
and everything on it.
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WHERE DID THE 5 THEMES
COME FROM?
5 Themes of Geography –
Created by the
National Geographic Society
In order to fulfill a need for
geographers to categorize everything
they learn about the world.
Geographers -
(people who study the earth and everything on it)
These 5 places are easy to remember.
Just say the word “MR HELP”.
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5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY
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WHAT IS “PRILM”?
MR HELP
is a mnemonic device that can be used to help
remember what the 5 Themes of Geography are.
Take the first letter of each Theme to
create the word MR HELP
 Movement
 Region
 Human-Environment
 Location
 Place
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5 Themes explained
Location – Where is it ?
Place – What is it like ? How does it look ? Is it hot, cold, dry,
wet, lots of buildings ?
Region – How are places similar and different ? Does it have
characteristics that unify it ?
Movement – How do people, goods, and ideas move from one
place to another ?
Human-Environment Interaction – How do people relate to the
physical world ?
How do they use it ?
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LOCATION
2 parts : Absolute+ RELATIVE LOCATION
Absolute location is shown by an address.
The address can be any type of address that gives an exact
position.
Here are some examples:
A Street Address:
152 Silly Street, McKinney, Tx. 75983
A Map Address:
15o20' North, 20o15' West
Both of these examples well tell you exactly where a place is.
Relative location is shown by saying where something is in
relation to somewhere or something else is located.
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( Down the street next to Taco Bell )
Latitude and Longitude
Latitude lines run east/west but they measure
north or south of the equator (0°) splitting the
earth into the Northern Hemisphere and
Southern Hemisphere.
Latitude
North Pole
Lines of
latitude are
numbered
from 0° at
the equator
to 90° N.L.
at the
North Pole.
90
80
70
60
[
50
40
30
20
10
]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
South Pole
90
Lines of
latitude
are
numbered
from 0° at
the
equator to
90° S.L.
at the
South
Pole.
Latitude
The
equator is
at 0°
latitude.
It is
neither
north nor
south. It
is at the
center
between
north and
The North Pole
is at 90° N
The South Pole
is at 90° S
40° N is the
40° line of
latitude north
of the equator.
40° S is the
40° line of
latitude south
of the equator.
Longitude
Lines of longitude begin
at the Prime Meridian.
60° W is the
60° line of
longitude west
of the Prime
W
Meridian.
60° E is
the 60°
line of
longitude
E east of
the Prime
Meridian.
The Prime Meridian is located at 0°. It is
neither east or west
180°
East Longitude
West Longitude
North Pole
Longitude
N
W
PRIME MERIDIAN
E
S
Lines of longitude are numbered east from
the Prime Meridian to the 180° line and west
from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line.
Prime Meridian
The Prime Meridian (0°) and the 180° line split the earth
into the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere.
Prime Meridian
Western
Hemisphere
Eastern
Hemisphere
Places located east of the Prime Meridian have an east
longitude (E) address. Places located west of the Prime
Meridian have a west longitude (W) address.
INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
180°

SEPARATES 2 CALENDAR DAYS.
America to Asia – gain a day
Asia to America – lose a day
By combining latitude and longitude, any
location can be pinpointed
A location’s coordinates
(____° N or S, ____ ° E or W)
Application
North America is in the Northern Hemisphere because
it is north of the Equator. North America is in the
Western Hemisphere because it is west of the Prime
Meridian.
LONGITUDE AND TIME
 The
world rotates (spins) 360° in 24
hours.
360° / 24 hours = 15° per hour
 The world has 24 time zones, each l5°
apart.
THERE IS A 1 HOUR TIME
DIFFERENCE FOR EVERY 15°
OF LONGITUDE
Greenwich, England is the logical
starting point for time zones
 The
world rotates west to east
(counterclockwise), time zones to the
east are ahead of the those time zones
to the west
ANOTHER CHEESY SAYING
EAST
INCREASE
Time is forward to all places to
the east
WEST
LESS
Time is backward to all places to
the west
East Increase – West Less
(1 hr per l5°)
If it is 4pm in GA what time is it in CA?
If its 12pm in AZ what time is it in FL?
Location Activity
 You
will be provided with the names
of all the professional football teams.
 Locate
each football city on a map
and then write the latitude and
longitude coordinates beside the
city’s name on the list.
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PLACE
What is it like there? What kind of place is it?
This is divided into 2 parts:

Physical characteristics
Things that occur naturally, such as
mountains, rivers, type of soil, wildlife,
climate etc.

Human characteristics
Things that have changed
due to people, such as roads
and buildings, how people live
and their traditions.
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Place Activity

Your job is to make a mystery postcard.

On one side of a postcard draw an image representing a
place that could be in town, a city in Kentucky, another
state, or a country.

On the other side, write a message that provides the
other students with clues about the place. Do not include
the name of the location. Be sure to include lots of
detailed information to help your classmates appreciate
the personality of the place you are describing.

We will then pass them to each group and try to guess
what they are describing.
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HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT
INTERACTION
 How
do humans and the environment
affect each other?
 We depend on it.
 People depend on the Tennessee River for water
and transportation.
 We modify it.
 People modify our environment by
heating and cooling buildings for comfort.
 We adapt to it.
 We adapt to the environment by wearing
clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and
winter (coats), rain and shine.
HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT
ACTIVITY
 List
ways that people affect their
environment every day (for example
driving cars, using water, disposing of
garbage, smoking cigarettes).
 Make a second list of ways that
people affect their environment
through seasonal activities (for
example, watering lawns, burning
leaves, fishing and hunting).
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MOVEMENT
 How
are people, goods, ideas moved
from place to place?
 Human

Movement
Trucks, Trains, Planes
 Information

Phones, computer (email), mail
 Idea

Movement
Movement
How do fads move from place to place?
TV, Radio, Magazines
MOVEMENT ACTIVITY

Items in the classroom can easily represent a
microcosm of the world economy. You will be
surprised how many countries are represented on
the “Made In…” labels of products around you.


Look at the tags of your t-shirts, notebooks,
things around the classroom. Determine where
they were made.

REVIEW DIFFERENT PLACES ON A WORLD MAP
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REGIONS

How are Regions similar to and different
from other places?

Formal Regions



Functional Regions


Regions defined by governmental or administrative
boundaries (States, Countries, Cities)
Regions defined by similar characteristics (Corn Belt,
Rocky Mountain region, Chinatown).
Regions defined by a function (newspaper service area, cell
phone coverage area).
Vernacular Regions

Regions defined by peoples perception (middle east, the
south, etc.)
REGIONS ACTIVITY
 Use
Atlas to label Native American
regions in the United States.
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Create Your Own Country






Using both the real world and your imagination you will be
creating your own country. Each of the pages required for
your travel guide must be assigned to a person or persons in
the group. There are just five rules that you have to follow:
1) Your country must be located somewhere on the surface
of the Earth. You can create an island or you can place your
country between real countries.
2) Based on the location of your country your climate and
vegetation must be realistic. You cannot have a tropical
forest in a desert.
3) Your group must have typed detailed responses to the list
of questions below.
4) You must also include everything that is on the check list.
5) The sky is the limit, so be creative and have fun!
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