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Transcript
Gravity and circular motion review 1. If the mass of one of two objects is increased, the force of attraction between them will A) decrease C) remain the same B) increase Base your answers to questions 6 through 9 on the diagram below which represents a 5.0-kilogram object revolving around a circular track in a horizontal plane at a constant speed. The radius of the track is 20. meters and the centripetal force on the object is 4.0 × 102 Newtons. 2. A car rounds a horizontal curve of constant radius at a constant speed. Which diagram best represents the directions of both the car’s velocity, v, and acceleration, a? A) B) C) D) 6. In the position shown, the object's centripetal acceleration is directed toward point A) A B) B C) C D) D 7. The object's centripetal acceleration is 3. The diagram below represents the path of a planet moving in an elliptical orbit around a star. The orbital period of the planet is 1,000 days. A) 0.012 m/s² C) 80. m/s² B) 20. m/s² D) 1.0 × 102 m/s2 8. In the position shown, the object's velocity is directed toward point A) A B) B C) C D) D 9. The object's speed is A) 20. m/s B) 40. m/s C) 60. m/s D) 80. m/s 10. The magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects is 20. Newtons. If the mass of each object were doubled, the magnitude of the gravitational force between the objects would be According to Kepler's laws, how many days are required for the planet to travel from the starting point to point X? A) 400 B) 350 C) 300 D) 250 4. As the distance of a satellite from the Earth's surface increases, the time the satellite takes to make one revolution around the Earth A) decreases C) remains the same B) increases 5. A satellite is moving at constant speed in a circular orbit about the Earth, as shown in the diagram below. A) 5.0 N B) 10. N C) 20. N D) 80 N 11. If the distance between two masses were tripled, the gravitational force between them would be A) 1/9 as great C) 3 times as great B) 1/3 as great D) 9 times as great 12. The weight of a 2.0-kilogram mass on planet A is 40 Newtons. The acceleration due to gravity on planet A is closest to A) 20 m/s2 C) 80 m/s2 B) 2.0 m/s2 D) 40 m/s2 13. The shape of the Earth's orbit is A) circular C) helical B) elliptical D) spherical 14. If the mass of one of two particles is doubled and the distance between them is doubled, the force of attraction between the two particles will The net force acting on the satellite is directed toward point A) A B) B C) C D) D A) decrease C) remain the same B) increase Gravity and circular motion review 15. A space probe is launched into space from Earth’s surface. Which graph represents the relationship between the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on Earth by the space probe and the distance between the space probe and the center of Earth? A) B) C) D) Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on the information and diagram below. 19. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which represents several satellites in orbit around a planet. The diagram shows a student seated on a rotating circular platform, holding a 2.0-kilogram block with a spring scale. The block is 1.2 meters from the center of the platform. The block has a constant speed of 8.0 meters per second. [Frictional forces on the block are negligible.] Which satellite has the longest period? A) A B) B C) C D) D 20. The diagram below shows the movement of a planet around the Sun. Area 1 equals area 2. 16. Which statement best describes the block’s movement as the platform rotates? A) Its velocity is directed tangent to the circular path, with an inward acceleration. B) Its velocity is directed tangent to the circular path, with an outward acceleration. C) Its velocity is directed perpendicular to the circular path, with an inward acceleration. D) Its velocity is directed perpendicular to the circular path, with an outward acceleration. 17. The reading on the spring scale is approximately A) 20. N B) 53 N C) 110 N D) 130 N 18. A 0.50-kilogram object moves in a horizontal circular path with a radius of 0.25 meter at a constant speed of 4.0 meters per second. What is the magnitude of the object’s acceleration? A) 8.0 m/s2 C) 32 m/s2 B) 16 m/s2 D) 64 m/s2 Compared to the time the planet takes to move from C to D, the time it takes to move from A to B is A) less C) the same B) greater 21. As the distance between two objects increases, the gravitational force of attraction between them will A) decrease C) remain the same B) increase Gravity and circular motion review Base your answers to questions 22 and 23 on the information and diagram below. 27. In the diagram below, a cart travels clockwise at constant speed in a horizontal circle. An athlete in a hammer-throw event swings a 7.0-kilogram hammer in a horizontal circle at a constant speed of 12 meter per second. The radius of the hammer's path is 2.0 meters At the position shown in the diagram, which arrow indicates the direction of the centripetal acceleration of the cart? A) A B) B C) C D) D 28. The diagram shows two bowling balls, A and B, each having a mass of 7.00 kilograms, placed 2.00 meters apart. 22. At the position shown, the centripetal force acting on the hammer is directed toward point A) A B) B C) C D) D 23. If the hammer is released at the position shown, it will travel toward point A) A B) B C) C D) D 24. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which shows the path of an object moving counterclockwise in a circle of radius 2.0 meters. The speed of the object is 6.0 meters per second and the mass of the object is 0.2 kilogram. When the object is at point P, the direction of the acceleration of the object is toward point A) A B) B C) C D) D 25. A satellite weighs 200 newtons on the surface of Earth. What is its weight at a distance of one Earth radius above the surface of Earth? A) 50 N B) 100 N C) 400 N D) 800 N 26. Two bodies attract each other with a gravitational force of 10.0 Newtons. What will be the force of attraction if the mass of each body is doubled? A) 5 N B) 10 N C) 20 N D) 40 N What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by ball A on ball B? A) 8.17 × 10–9 N C) 8.17 × 10–10 N B) 1.63 × 10–9 N D) 1.17 × 10–10 N 29. The diagram below shows the elliptical orbit of a comet around the Sun The magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the comet is greatest at point A) A B) B C) C D) D Gravity and circular motion review 30. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. A planet, P. moves around the Sun, S, in an elliptical orbit. The amount of time required for the planet to travel from point A to point B is equal to the amount of time required to travel from point C to point D. As the planet moves from point B to point C, how do its kinetic energy and potential energy change? A) Its kinetic energy decreases, and its potential energy decreases. B) Its kinetic energy decreases, and its potential energy increases. C) Its kinetic energy increases, and its potential energy decreases. D) Its kinetic energy increases, and its potential energy increases. Answer Key Gravity and circular motion review 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. D 11. A 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. D 19. D 20. C 21. A 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. C