Download notes chapter 12

UNIT FIVE: A Changing Nation (1824-1860)
CHAPTER TWELVE: The Age of Jackson (1824-1840)
LESSON 12-1: Jacksonian Democracy and State’ Rights, pgs. 394-401
OBJECTIVE(S): For the student to be able to:
1) explain what changes in democracy occurred during Jackson's presidency.
2) identify economic issues that increased during Jackson's presidency.
VOCABULARY, TERMS AND NAMES TO UNDERSTAND FOR THIS LESSON:
secede(401)- to withdraw
Andrew Jackson(395)- U.S. President from 1829-1837
John Quincy Adams(395)- 1824 Presidential candidate favored by New Englanders
states’ rights(369)- the rights of the states to make decisions without interference from the federal government
Jacksonian democracy(397)- the idea of widening political power to more of the people
spoils system(398)- the practice of giving government jobs to political backers
Tariff of Abominations(400)- 1828 law that significantly raised tariffs on raw materials and manufactured goods
John C. Calhoun(400)- Jackson’s Vice President
Doctrine of nullification(400)- the idea that a state had the right to nullify, or reject, a federal law that it considers
unconstitutional
Complete the following items.
Sectionalism Changes Politics
1. Name the four men who ran for president in 1824. [395]
a. Andrew Jackson (Southerners, Westerners)
c. William Crawford (Southerners)
b. John Quincy Adams (New Englanders)
d. Henry Clay (Westerners)
2. TRUE / FALSE: Although Jackson received the largest number of the popular votes in 1824, no candidate gained
enough electoral votes to become president. When Clay gave his support to Adams - the House or Representatives
declared Adams the winner. Adams gave Clay a position in his cabinet; this was known as the "corrupt bargain."
[396]
3. Who won the election of 1828? Andrew Jackson (7th) [397]
4. When the new president was elected he placed many of his friends in jobs in the government and in his cabinet.
What did this practice of placing friends in power positions come to be known as? spoils system [398]
Rising Sectional Differences
5. List the three areas that developed their own sectional differences during Jackson's presidency? [399]
a. Westerners
- wanted cheap land to attract workers
b. Northeasterners
- wanted internal improvement (roads) and higher land prices in west
c. Southerners
- wanted tariffs done away with; cost them more in trading with other countries
6. Essentially, what did the "Law of Nullification" supported by the vice president John C. Calhoun say...
similar to "states rights" ...Nullification said states had more power than federal government - could reject laws [400]
7. TRUE / FALSE: South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over high tariffs. Thanks to a lower tariff
compromise (1833), the state decided not to leave the union. [401]
1
LESSON 12-2: Jackson’s Policy Toward Native Americans, pgs. 402-407
OBJECTIVE(S): For the student to be able to:
1) explain why Jackson wanted the Native Americans to move west.
2) summarize the effects of the Indian Removal Act on Native Americans.
VOCABULARY, TERMS AND NAMES TO UNDERSTAND FOR THIS LESSON:
assimilate(403)- to absorb into a culture
Sequoya(404)- a brilliant Cherokee who invented a writing system for the Cherokee language
Indian Removal Act(404)- 1830 law that called for the government to negotiate treaties requiring Native Americans to
relocate west
Indian Territory(405)- an area to which Native Americans were moved covering what is now Oklahoma and parts of
Kansas and Nebraska
Trail of Tears(406)- forced removal of the Cherokee from their homeland to Indian Territory
Osceola(407)- leader during the Second Seminole War
Complete the following items.
Native Americans Forced West
1. TRUE / FALSE: Because Jackson viewed Native Americans as "conquered subjects", he believed that the United
States government had the right to take their land for white settlers and determine where the Indians would live. [401]
2. Explain what did the Indian Removal Act want to accomplish. [404-405]
all government treaties had to involve relocating NA to the west of the Mississippi River to the Indian Territory
The Trail of Tears
3. What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of the Cherokee Indians? [406]
essentially the Supreme Court said that the Native Americans did not have to move out of Georgia but both the
President and Georgia rejected the Supreme Court's decision.
4. What became the name for the moving of 16,000 Cherokee from Georgia to Indian Territory in what is now
Oklahoma? [406]
Trail of Tears - 1/4 (4000) deaths along the way
5. How was Osceola, leader of the Seminoles in Florida, tricked into being captured? [407]
Oscelola was captured while at a fake peace treaty during a truce; he later died while in prison
2
LESSON 12-3: Prosperity and Panic, pgs. 408-412
OBJECTIVE(S): For the students to be able to:
1) identify causes and effects of Jackson's destruction of the national bank.
2) explain the formation of the Whig Party in the United States.
VOCABULARY, TERMS AND NAMES TO UNDERSTAND FOR THIS LESSON:
charter(409)- a written grant
Martin Van Buren(409)- elected President in 1836 after serving as Jackson’s vice-president
Panic of 1837(411)- widespread fear about the state of the economy that spread after Van Buren took office
inflation(411)- an increase in prices and a decrease in the value of money
depression(411)- a severe economic slump
Whig Party(412)- political party formed by Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and other Jackson opponents
William Henry Harrison(412)- Whip presidential candidate in 1840
John Tyler(412)- Harrison’s running mate in the 1840 election
Complete the following items.
Jackson Targets the National Bank
1. Why did Jackson elect not to renew the charter of the Second National Bank? [409-410]
Jackson felt the bank had too much power/influence in government and only benefited the wealthy.
2. How did Jackson destroy the bank of the United States? [410]
took the governments money out the bank and spread it out to many state banks.
3. TRUE / FALSE: Jackson moved money from the National Bank into smaller state banks which made it easier for
people to borrow money. As a result the state banks issued too much paper money and the value of money went
down. [411]
4. TRUE / FALSE: Jackson moved money from the National Bank into smaller state banks. This made it easier for
people to borrow money. As a result the state banks issued too much paper money and the value of money went
down. [411]
5. Who followed Jackson as President? [411] his vice president—Martin Van Buren
6. What was the “Panic of 1837”? [411]
a financial crisis in which banks closed and the credit system collapsed causing a drepression
The Battle of the Whigs
7. TRUE / FALSE: The Whig party supported Van Buren; they favored his Jackson-like policies. [412, opposed]
8. Who won the election of 1840? (select one) [412]
Martin Van Buren
William Henry Harrison
9. What happened to William Henry Harrison shortly after taking the office of President? [412]
He became ill and died one month after he was inaugurated.
10. Who was Harrison's vice-president that took over the office of President after the president died? [412]
John Tyler
3