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Between the Wars United States • The nickname for the 1920’s was the Roaring Twenties. • A new type of music in the 1920’s was jazz. • A liberated young woman in the 1920’s was called a flapper. • A ban on alcohol in the 1920s was called Prohibition. • An underground bar during prohibition was called a speakeasy. • A trial over teaching things that weren’t in the bible was the Scopes Trial. • A reawakening of African American cultural heritage was called Harlem Renaissance. • Marie Curie discovered radioactivity. • Penicillin was used to kill bacteria. • Europe • France wanted to be sure that Germany stayed weak. • They had a protective line called the Maginot Line that was supposed to protect them from a German attack. • The Kellogg Briand Treaty outlawed war but could not be enforced. • Disarmament is reducing the number of weapons in a country. • The Great Depression was a time when people suffered throughout the world because of economic difficulties. • The Dust Bowl was a drought and series of storms America. • Italy • Mussolini was the name of the leader of the Fascists in Italy. • Mussolini promised to bring Italy back to the glory of Rome • Mussolini’s thugs were called the Black Shirts • Mussolini took power after his March on Rome. • Mussolini called himself Il Duce. • Under Mussolini, the person was not as important as the State • Mussolini gave medals to women who had many children • Mussolini had many groups designed to indoctrinate youth • A government that controls all aspects of a person’s life is a totalitarian government. • Russia • Stalin took over after Lenin died. • Stalin put Lenin’s body on display. • Stalin had many Five Year Plans that decided how much of everything should be made. • Stalin collectivized agriculture. • He tried to eliminate wealthy farmers, called kulaks • When other peasants resisted, Stalin starved them to death. • Anyone that disagreed with Stalin was killed or sent to gulags • Stalin killed people in his own party during the Great Purge • Stalin use propaganda to control people’s hearts and minds. • He wanted people to believe that he was like a god • Stalin tried to make everyone more Russian, this program was called Russification • Stalin tried to eliminate religion • His official policy was atheism or belief in no god. • Germany • The government in Germany after World War I was called the Weimar Republic • Hitler hated the Treaty of Versailles which ended World War I. • Prices and wages rose quickly in Germany, this is called inflation • Hitler’s book was called Mein Kampf • He thought Germans were part of a master race • He thought they should have more lebensraum or living room. • Hitler called his empire the Third Reich • Hitler’s secret police were called the Gestapo • Hitler’s elite troops were called the SS • The Nuremberg Laws placed restrictions on Jews in Germany. • Jews were attacked by mobs during a night called Kristallnacht • The Hitler Youth were supposed to be the future of the Nazi party. Japan • Social and economic changes in Japan lead many Japanese people to lose faith in the government • Nationalist military leaders gradually take control of Japan’s government • Japan begins to pursue aggressive, expansionist policies • Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 • War with China began in 1937, leading to the Nanjing Massacre. • Japan looks elsewhere for the natural resources needed to supply its war machine • Japan looks to create the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere