Download Kayla Furtado Period 2 Mr. Kann US History 1 October 15

Kayla Furtado
Period 2
Mr. Kann
U.S. History 1
October 15, 2016
Banking, Currency, and Protection (Pg. 216-219)
★ Postwar Issues (Pg.216)
○ War of 1812
■ Stimulated the growth of manufacturing
● Cutting off imports
■ Produced chaos in shipping and banking
● Exposed dramatically the inadequacy of the existing transportation
and financial systems
○ Aftermath of the War
■ Emergence of political issues
● With emergence national economic development
○ Re Establishing the Bank Of The United States
○ Protecting the new industries
○ Providing a nationwide network of roads and waterways
○ Wartime experience
■ Need for another national bank
■ 1811 increasing amount of state banks begun operations
■ Banks did not have right to enough reserves of gold and silver to redeem
notes on demand
■ Notes were valuable
★ Second Bank of the United States (Pg. 216)
○ Congress dealing with currency problem
■ Reserving a second bank of United States (1816)
○ National Bank
■ Could not forbid states banks
● Issuing currency
● Size and power dominated the state banks
■ Risk being forced out of business
★ Growth of the Textile Industry
○ American textile
■ Dramatic growth
● 1807 to 1815 total number of cotton spindles increased from 8,000
to 130,000
● 1814 textile factories (New England)
○ Produced yarn and thread
● 1813 Boston Manufacturing company
○ Waltham, Massachusetts
○ Founded the first mill
● Lowell’s Company
○ Revolutionized American manufacturing and shaping the
character of the early industrial work force
○ End of the war (Pg. 216-217)
■ American industry
● British ships unloaded cargoes and manufactured goods
★ A Protective Tariff (Pg. 217)
○ 1816 Protectionists in Congress winning
■ Tariff law
● Limited competition
■ Agricultural interests
● Pay higher prices for higher manufactured goods as a result
■ Nationalists dream of creating an important American industrial economy
prevailed
Transportation (Pg. 217-219)
○ Nation’s economic need
■ War better transportation system
■ Internal improvements
★ Government Funded Roads (Pg. 217)
○ Government funds
■ Federal government agreed
● Part of the proceeds from the government and sale of public lands
○ Finance road construction
○ 1807 Jefferson’s secretary of the treasury
■ Albert Gallatin
● Proposed revenues from Ohio land sales should help finance
○ National Road from the Potomac RIver to Ohio River
★ Steamboats (Pg. 218)
○ Steamship power expanding rapidly
■ War of 1812
■ Agriculture economy in the South and West
● Provided access to moonlets
○ Greatly reduced prices
○ 1815 wartime experience
■ President Marshall suggested that there shall be a constitutional
amendment
● Resolved any doubts about congress’s authority to provide for their
construction
★ Vetoing Internal Improvements
○ Internal improvements
■ Congress lacked authority to fund improvements without a constitutional
amendment
■ Issue
● Nationalists fell short of their goals
● Remained for state governments and private enterprise to
undertake the task of building the transportation network for the
growing of the American economy
The Great Migrations (Pg. 219-220)
○ Westward movement
■ White American population
● Most important developments
○ Nation’s economy
■ Brought new regions into the emerging capitalist
syste
■ Great political ramifications
■ Major factor of the Civil war
■ Different culture and traditions
○ Important reasons for expansion
■ Growth Nation’s population
● Natural increase through immigration
● 5.3 million to 9.6 million from 1800 to 1820
○ Agriculture lands in the South
■ The slave labor force
■ Limited opportunities for new settlers
○ War of 1812 helped
■ Diminish 1 traditional deterrents to western expansion
★ The Factor System (Pg. 219-220)
○ Government
■ Continued policy
● Pushing remaining tribes farther west
The Plantation System in the Southwest Emerged (Pg. 220)
★ C
○ New agriculture economy
■ Cotton lands in the uplands (Old South)
● No Lack of ambitious farmers fresh soil in climate suitable for
crops
★ Cotton and the Expansion of Slavery (Pg.220)
○ Southern Settlement
■ Spread of cotton
■ Plantations
■ Slavery
○ Rapid growth North and Southwest resulted
■ Admission of four new states
● To the union after the war of 1812
Trade and Trapping in the Far West
○ Mexico controlled Texas and California and the rest of the Southwest
■ Won independence
● From Spain (1821)
■ Northern territories
● Trade with United States
○ Hoped to revive an economy that would increase during
war with spain
★ Astor’s American Fur Company
○ Trade between the Columbian River in Oregon
■ War
● British concern operation
○ Out of Canada
■ After War
● Astor
○ Centered his own operations
■ The GReat Lakes
■ Extended Westward to the Rockies
● Other Companies
○ Carried on operations
■ To Missouri and it’s tributaries into the Rocky
Mountains
○ 1822 Andrew Henry and William Ashley
■ Founded Rocky Mountains Fur company
★ The Fur Trade and the Market economy (Pg. 221)
○ Mountain men
■ Expanded economy of United States
○ Jedediah S. Smith
■ Trapper
● Ashley (partner)
■ Led series
● Mexican territories
○ Ended in disastrous battles with the Mojaves and other
tribes
○ 1827 Expedition
■ Oregon
Eastern Images of the West (Pg. 221-222)
■ Americans (east) aware of trappers were entering helping to reshape
★ Stephen Long’s Expedition (Pg.221)
○ Eastern awareness increasing
■ United States government
● Instruction to chart the territories
■ 1819/1820 War Department
● Gave instructions to find the sources of the Red Silver
● Led 19 soldiers on a journey
○ Platte and south platte rivers
■ Nebraska and eastern
The End of the First Party System (Pg.222-223)
★ The virginia Dynasty
○ 1800 presidency
○ Republicans
■ Difficulty
● Electing their candidates in listless campaign (1816)
○ Monroe 183 ballots electoral college
○ Rufus 34 ballots
■ Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Delaware
○ Monroe (Federalist declined)
■ No serious opposition
■ Nation faced
● No important international threats
★ Monroe’s Goodwill Tour (Pg. 223)
○ Monroe
■ Made a goodwill tour though the country
○ The Columbian Centinel
■ Federalists newspaper
● Boston commenting on the “Presidential Jubilee”
○ Monroe (1820) reelected
■ Federalists
● Ceased to exist
John Quincy Adams and Florida (Pg. 223)
○ John Quincy Adams
■ Second President
■ Diplomatic service (great in American history)
■ Nationalist
■ American expansion
■ Challenge
● Florida
★ The Seminole War (Pg. 223)
○ Andrew Jackson
■ Commander
● American troops
○ Florida frontier
■ Invaded Florida
○ Adams
■ Government responsibility
★ Adams-Onis Treaty (Pg. 223)
○ Onis had to come to terms with Americans
■ Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819
● Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States
○ Claim to territory
■ North of the 42nd parallel in the Pacific NorthWest
○ Government
■ Gave up
● Claims to Texas
The Panic of 1819 (Pg. 224-225)
★ Fe
○ Monroe administration
■ Diplomatic success
● Nation was falling
● Economic crisis: Panic of 1819
○ Bank of the United States
■ 1819 new management
● National bank
○ Begun calling in loans and foreclosing mortgages
■ Failure
● State Banks
○ Financial panic
★ Boom and Bust (Pg. 224)
■ Six years of depression
■ Distress warning
● Economic growth
● Territorial expansion
The Missouri Compromise (Pg. 225)
★ Tallmadge Amendment
○ Slavery
■ Missouri
■ Established
■ The Amendment provoked controversy for two years
○ Republic
■ New states
● 11 free states
● Controversy over slavery and freedom in Missouri
★ Missouri Compromise (Pg. 225)
○ Maine and Missouri
■ Single bill
■ Maine free state
○ Senate Jesse B. Thomas Illinois
■ Slave state
■ Proposed amendment
● Prohibited slavery
○ Rest of Louisiana Purchase territory
Marshall and the Court (Pg. 225-226)
○ John Marshall
■ Farmers
● Developed the constitution
○ Strengthened the Judicial branch
★ Dartmouth College V. Woodward (Pg. 226)
○ Constitution gained control
■ New Hampshire state government
○ Daniel Webster
■ Brilliant orator
○ Legislator
■ Made decision of the New Hampshire courts
● Implicitly claimed for themselves the right
○ To override the decisions of the courts
★ Confirming Implied Powers (Pg. 226)
○ McCulloch V. Maryland
■ 1819
■ Implying powers of Congress
■ Bank was unpopular
● South and West
■ States
● Tried driving branches away from business
● Confiscating taxation
○ Gibbons V. Ogden
■ 1824
■ Court strengthen Congress’s power
● Regulate interstate commerce
★ Establishing Federal Primacy (Pg. 226)
○ Marshall Court
■ Established
● Primacy of the federal government
○ Over the states
○ Regulated the economy
○ Increased of federal role for economic growth
The Court and the Tribes (Pg. 226- 227)
○ Nationalists
■ Marshall court
● Legal status of Indian tribes within the United States
○ Johnson V. McIntosh (1823)
■ Leaders (Illinois and Piankeshaw tribes)
● Sold parcels from their land to white settlers
■ Treaty
● With the federal government
■ Tribes
● Had a right to their tribal lands
○ American law
● Federal government (the supreme authority) had a right to allow
and not allow American citizens to land
★ Worcester V. Georgia
○ Court made a decision (1832)
■ The court invalidated Georgia laws
○ Marshall claimed
■ States
■ Tribes
○ Defending the power of the federal government
■ Expanding
● Rights of the tribes
○ To remain free from the authority of state governments
○ Marshall’s decisions
■ Found a place for Indian Tribes within the American political system
● Tribes had property rights
The Latin American Revolution and the Monroe Doctrine (Pg. 227-228)
○ Supreme court
■ American nationalism
● Shaping country’s american national
○ American diplomacy was the main concern of Europe
★ Revolution in Latin America (Pg. 227)
○ Southward Americans
■ War of 1812
■ Gigantic problem
● The spanish empire was in it’ death throes
● New nations were in the making
○ United States developed
■ Profitable trade with Latin America
■ Rivaling Great Britain as the principal trading nation there
○ United States (1815)
■ War between Spain and rebellious colonies
■ United States sold
● Ships
● Supplies to the revolutionaries
● Clear indication that it was not genuinely neutral
○ Trying to help the insurgents
○ Monroe President 1822
■ Established diplomatic relations with five new nations
● La Plata, Chile, Perú, Colombia, and Mexico
★ The Monroe Doctrine (Pg. 228)
○ Monroe announcing a policy (1823)
★ American Fears (Pg. 228)
○ Monroe Doctrine
■ Emerged directly out of America’s relations
● With Europe in the 1820’s
■ American’s feared
● Spain's European allies (France)
○ Assist and retake its lost empire
○ Adams
■ Feared
● Great Britain had designs on Cuba
● He wanted to keep Cuba in the Spanish hands
○ Late 1820’a
■ Divisions emerging
● First party system
■ Republicans
● Federalists
● Economic growth
● Centralized
The “Corrupt Bargain” (Pg. 228-229)
★ End of the Caucus System (Pg. 228)
○ Federalist party was effective
○
○
○
○
○
■ Operations
■ James Monroe reelected
King Caucus (1824)
■ Overthrown
■ Republicans nominated William H. Crawford of Georgia
● Secretary of the treasury and the favorite of the extreme states’
rights faction of the party
● Candidates nominations from the state legislatures wond
○ Mass meetings throughout the country
Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
■ Traditional stepping-stone for presidency
■ Devoted
■ Creating a home for the factory and farm producers
● Raising protective tariff
○ Strengthening the national bank
○ Financing internal improvements
Andrew Jackson
Fourth Candidate (Major)
Representative in Congress
■ New member of the United States Senate
■ Political allies from his home state of Tennessee
★ Election of 1824 (Pg. 228-229)
○ Jackson
■ Popular electoral votes
● 99 electoral votes
○ Adam had 84
○ Crawford 41
○ Clay 37
■ 12 amendment of the constitution
● Required the house of representatives
○ Had to choose three candidates with the largest amount of
votes
The Second President Adams (Pg. 229)
○ Adam President
■ “Corrupt bargain”
● Nationalist program
○ Clay’s American system
○ United States Government
■ Treaty of 1791
● Guaranteed land
○ To the Creeks
○ Cherokee Indians
■ 1825 white georgians
● Created a new treaty
○ New Treaty
■ No legal force
★ Tariff of Abominations (Pg. 229)
○ Administrations
■ Support of the New Tariff
● Imported goods in 1828
■ Measured the demands of Massachusetts and Rhode Island
● Complained British were dumping textiles on the American
market at artificially low prices
■ No win for the middle and western states
■ Accepted duties on other items
■ Antagonized the orignal New England supporters of the bill
● Benefits of protecting their manufactured goods from
foreign competition now had to be weighed against the
prospects of having to pay more for raw materials
■ Adam’s signed the bill
Jackson Triumphant (Pg. 229-230)
○ Presidential election 1828
■ Two party system begun
● Emerge out of the divisions among the republicans
★ Jackson Triumphant (Pg. 230)
○ Jackson’s victory
■ Won 56 percent
● Popular votes
● Electoral 178 votes to 83
○ Democracy occupy the White house
■ Restored liberty
● People and the economy
● New era democracy
Age of Jackson: Crash Course # 14
★ United States wasn't democratic
○ Male white landowners
○ 1820-1850
■ State legislators
● Lowered/eliminated property of qualifications for voting
○ Many more people to vote
○ Women Roles
■ Shoes
■ Clothes
■ Children
■ Food
○ Excluding
■ Women
■ Non-whites
● Andrew Jackson when he became president (1829)
○ Every state except North Carolina, Virginia, and Rhode
Island got rid of property requirements
● Why Andrew Jackson probably got elected
★ War of 1812
○ Collapse of Federalist party
○ American System
■ Program of economic nationalism
● 1. Federally financed internal improvements (roads, and canals)
● 2. Tariffa, protected new factories and industries
● 3. National bank that would replace the First Bank of the United
States
■ Second Bank of the United States
● John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay
○ Jeffersonian Republicans
○ Federal Government
■ Invested in infrastructure
■ Increase amount of finance of roads and canals
○ Problems with the “Second Bank of the United States
○ Issue of Slavery
★ 1819
○ Missouri
○ 10,000 slaves
○ New York Congressman
■ James Tallmadge
★ Westward Expansion
○ Civil wars
○ Thomas Jefferson
■ Rise of political parties
■ America becoming more democratic
★ Martin Van Buren
○ Invented the Democratic Party
○ Known as the “Little Magician”
★ Election of 1824
○ John Quincy Adams declared the winner
○ Jackson ran a Negative campaign
■ Jackson won
★ Jackson’s democratic party
○ Worried about
■ Bankers
■ Merchants
■ Speculators
★ Whigs enormous supporters of the American System
○ Active federal government
★ Congress passed the Tariff of 1828
○ Jackson supported
■ Benefitted manufactures
■ Tariff increased prices
● On imported manufactured goods
○ Made of wool and iron
★ South Carolinians payed more
○
○
○
Congress passed the new tariff of 1832
■ Lower the duties
Jackson (getting Congress to pass the Force Act) \
■ Authorized him to use the army and navy to collect taxes
New Tariff in 1833
■ Helped Jackson’s reputation as a tyrant
★ Removal Act of 1830
○ Jackson supported
○ Law provided funds to relocate the Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creek, and
Seminole Indians from their homes (Georgia, North Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, and
Alabama)
■ Tribes sued the government
○ Cherokees
■ Violated their treaties
● With the federal government
○ Right to their land
★ 1832 Leader Nicholas Biddle
○ Persuaded Congress to pass a bill
■ Extending life of the Second United States Bank for 20 years
○ Expired in 1836
■ No central institution control of the federal funds
19th Century Reforms: Crash Course # 15
★ Industrialized Market Economy
○ Utopian communities
■ Separate themselves from the worst aspects of the new world
■ Shaker communities are the most successful utopian communities that
emerged in the 19th century (1800’s)
★ Latter Day Saints (Mormons)
○ Communities were based off of religion
○ Create models of society (Brook Farm)
★ Communities (Utopian)
○ Utopia, Ohio, and Modern Times, New York By Josiah Warren
■ Voluntary marriage (worked out good)
○ Second Great Awakening
■ Made America a religious nation
○ Religious reform of the 19th century
■ Overwhelmingly Protestant
● People were mostly Catholic
● Reasons we’ll get to momentarily
■ Many reformer believed in perfectionism
● Individuals and society were capable
○ Unlimited improvement
■ Many of the reform movements were based ultimately on a different view
of freedom than we might be used to
★ Philip Schaff
○ Minister (Pennsylvania 1840’s)
○ Methodists and Baptists
■ Avoid sin themselves
■ Perfect their communities
★ Perfecting Social order
○ Controversial (among Catholic immigrants)
■ Came largely from Germany and Ireland, and two nations not known for
their opposition to strong drink
■ Were catholic and the catholic church’s morality
● Didn’t view alcohol or dancing
○ Mid 19th century growth of compulsory
■ State-funded education in the United States
○ Northern States established public schools
■ By 1860
○ American Colonization Society
■ Popular and wealthy
● Establish Liberia
○ Independent homeland for former slaves
○ 1830 End of slavery
■ Also about equality
★ Frederick Douglass
○ American Slave
○ Only slave to write about the evils of slavery
★ Henry Highland Garnett and David Walker
○ Spokesmen
■ Equal citizenship
● United States for black and white people
The Black Legend, Native Americans and Spaniards: Crash Course # 16
★ Women transforming pre-Civil War and improve
○ Prisons (Prisoners)
○ Schools (Children)
○ Decrease public drunkenness
○ End slavery
■ American Democracy
★ Women’s place was at home
★ Cult of Domesticity
○ Equality between men and women
■ Radical that almost no one embraced it
○ Women had limited opportunities for work
■ Poor (Factories or Domestic servants)
■ Middle (Disreputable of fields, teaching, or stay at home)
■ Most women could not work outside of their home
○ Frat houses
★ Prohibition disaster
○ Freedom
○ Recreations of drugs remained illegal
★ Gilbert Seldes (1928)
○ Change laws
■ Consigned married women
● Needed to vote
○ Women were also important contributors
■ Anti-slavery movement
★ Sarah Grimke
○ Published letters
■ Equality of the Sexes 1838
★ Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison
○ Supporters of Women’s rights
★ Movement for Women’s rights
○ Declaration of Independence
○ Feminists
■ Find allies
■ Prefiguring the later transatlantic movement of other advocates for social
justice
● Florence Kelley and W.E.B DuBois
○ Equal rights were never ratified
○ Women changed for the better and for the worse