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New Deal Programs
Arranged by Function
Economic Stabilization
National Industrial Recovery Act - NIRA (1933)
-creates National Recovery Administration - NRA
-price stabilization via trade associations
-collective bargaining for labor
-creates PWA & FERA (see below under Public Works)
-overturned by Supreme Court in 1935
Agricultural Adjustment Act - AAA (1933, 1938)
-price stabilization for farm products
-overturned by Supreme Court 1935, reauthorized 1938
Bank Reform
Emergency Banking Relief Act (1933)
-evaluation of all banks, closures of insolvent ones
Glass-Steagall Banking Act (1933)
-creates Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation - FDIC
-separates commercial & investment banking - The 'Firewall'
Federal Reserve Bank upgrade (1935)
Other Financial Reform
Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933
-impounds all gold and devalues the dollar
Gold Reserve Act (1934)
-creates a government hoard (Fort Knox)
Securities Act (1933)
Securities Exchange Act (1934)
-creates Securities and Exchange Commission - SEC
-regulation of stock trading in public corporations
Rural & Farm Assistance
Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933, 1938)
-price stabilization
-raises farm incomes
Farm Credit Act (1933)
-creates Farm Credit Administration - FCA
-oversight of all farm credit programs
-refinance of farm mortgages
Resettlement Act (1935)
-creates Resettlement Administration - RA
-becomes Farm Security Administration - FSA (1937)
-aid to farm workers
Farm Tenancy Act (1937)
-aid to poor farmers
Public Works1
Civilian Conservation Corps - CCC (1933)
-created under Emergency Conservation Act
-put under Federal Security Agency, 1939-43
Tennessee Valley Authority - TVA (1933)
-river basin development based on dams & hydroelectricity
Civil Works Administration - CWA (1933-34)
-created by Exec. Order under FERA, which was part of NIRA
-provides model for WPA
Public Works Administration - PWA (1933)
-created under NIRA
Works Progress Administration - WPA (1935)
-continued programs begun under FERA, created by Exec. Order
Rural Electrification Administration - REA (1935)
-created by Executive Order
-confirmed by Rural Electrification Act (1936)
Soil Conservation Service - SCS (1933, 1935)
-begins as Soil Erosion Service, under Emergency Conservation Act
-confirmed by Soil Conservation & Domestic Allotment Act (1935)
Bonneville Power Administration - BPA (1937)
-Bonneville Power Act
-sells power from Columbia River dams
Federal Works Agency - FWA (1939)
-Reorganization Act allows FDR to created FWA
-Umbrella for PWA, WPA, USHA, BPR, FBA
Housing & Mortgage Reform
Home Owners Loan Act - HOLA (1933)
-expands program begun under President Hoover
-strengthens Home Owners Loan Corporation - HOLC
-aid to distressed mortgage holders
Federal Housing Act - FHA (1934)
-Federal Housing Administration - FHA
-mortgage guarantee program
- Federal Savings & Loan Insurance Corporation - FSLIC
-acts like FDIC for S&Ls
Federal National Mortgage Association - FNMA (1938)
-buys mortgages from banks; creates secondary market
United States Housing Act - Wagner-Steagall - USHA (1937)
-creates U.S. Housing Authority
-builds public housing
1
List does not include assistance to pre-existing federal agencies: Bureau of Reclamation, Army Corps of
Engineers, Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) and Federal Building Administration (FBA)
Relief & Welfare
Federal Emergency Relief Administration - FERA (1933 & 1935)
-aid to states for relief of destitute (mostly work relief)
-originates with NIRA; spawns CWA which morphs into WPA
Social Security Act - SSA (1935)
-creates Social Security Administration
-old age pensions & unemployment assistance
Labor Law & Assistance
National Industrial Recovery Act - NIRA (1933)
-right to organize, minimum wage, no child labor
National Labor Relations Board - NLRB (1934)
-created by Executive Order
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) (1935)
-right to collective bargaining, with enforcement
-confirms NLRB
Social Security Act (1935)
-retirement benefits & unemployment insurance for jobless workers
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) (1938)
-restores minimum wage, confirms no child labor
Regulation of Trade, Transport and Communications
Federal Communications Act (1934)
-establishes Federal Communications Commission - FCC
Civil Aeronautics Act (1938)
-establishes the Civil Aeronautics Authority - CAA
-split into two parts:
Civil Aeronautics Board - CAB
Civil Aeronautics Board (later Federal Aviation Administraton)
Federal Trade Commission - FTC
-strengthened by Robinson-Patman Act (1936) & Wheeler-Lea Act (1938)
General Good Sense
Repeal of Prohibition (1933) (21st Amendment)