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Name:
Last
First
ID#___________________________
Lab. Date and Time____________________
Lab. TA____________________
Biological Sciences 1B – Dr. Herrlinger
Summer Sessions I 2002
Midterm 2
July 19, 2002
DO NOT OPEN EXAM UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO
Please Read the Instructions First
Check your pages. There are 11 pages in this exam.
You are responsible for making sure that you have all the pages.
This examination is worth 85 points.
Write your name, ID#, and Lab. Section on your scantron.
Do not use a calculator.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Indicate your answers on the scantron sheet using a number 2 or test scoring pencil. Press
heavily, don’t stray out of the margins, and completely erase any changed answers.
2. If you think that a multiple choice question is ambiguous or confusing, use the “gripe sheet” at
the end of the examination to explain the problem.
3. There are 30 multiple choice or true/false questions worth 2 points each.
Fill–in Questions
1. Use pen only (no grade corrections for pencil or white–out).
2. Write only one answer per question. You can elaborate on an answer, but you will not be
given any credit if you write two different answers to the question.
3. Spelling rules: ½ credit for 2–3 letters wrong or transposed. No points will be given if the
misspelling alters the meaning of the word.
4. There are 10 fill–in questions worth 25 points in total.
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Choose the one best answer:
1. Besides bringing oxygen to the interior of the arthropod body, the tracheal system also
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
aids in the excretion of nitrogenous wastes
functions as the coelom
reduces the body weight in arthropods that fly
stores sperm
transports hemolymph throughout the body
2. Arthropod wings
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
are evaginations of the cuticle
are invaginations of the cuticle
are lost forever the first time the organism molts
exhibit slight increases in growth on a daily basis
both B and D
3. True or False. Organisms with a complete gut develop beyond the gastrula stage.
A. True
B. False
4. You’re SCUBA diving along the northern California coast and you encounter a sessile,
radially symmetrical adult animal with an incomplete gut. You conclude that it is likely a
member of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Phylum Annelida
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Mollusca
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Porifera
5. Bivalves differ from other molluscs in that the bivalve
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
radula is lost
head is reduced
foot is lost
all of the above
A and B only
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6. Molluscs exhibit an even greater degree of _______________ than polychaetes.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
adaptive radiation
convergent evolution
gastrulation
reproductive success
segmentation
7. In earthworm reproduction
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
self-fertilization is typical
sperm are exchanged simultaneously between two different worms
sperm and eggs are exchanged simultaneously between two different worms
the clitellum moves anteriorly and becomes a cocoon for the eggs and sperm
the sexes are separate
8. Which of the following is characteristic of all flatworms
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
no cilia
no coelom
no gut
no mesoderm
no nerves
9. The flatworm tegument is marvelously suited for a parasitic life style because it
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
can function in gas exchange
is resistant to attacks by the host’s immune system
is resistant to the host’s digestive juices
is the site of nutrient absorption in the tapeworms
all of the above
10. Trematode parasites undergo sexual reproduction in the definitive host and asexual
reproduction in the intermediate host. Which statement best describes a fact of trematode
reproductive biology?
A. The total number of asexual larvae produced is actually smaller than in other stages of the
life cycle.
B. The tremendous production of asexual larvae can be thought of like a lottery. The more
tickets you have, the greater your chances of winning.
C. Each asexual larva is equipped with elaborate sensory structures to find a host.
D. Trematode eggs are shed in the water where they are eaten by the definitive host.
E. Trematode infection rates are highest in Russia.
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11. Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding cephalopods?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
An octopus is capable of changing its color and texture of its body.
Death often follows reproduction.
Pigment cells are stretched out to expand the area of color.
Pigment cells are under nervous control from the brain.
All of the above.
12. One advantage to an organism undergoing holometabolous metamorphosis is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
each life stage is resistant to parasitoids
mating can occur at any stage
of all the life stages, only one is susceptible to predation
the calcareous endoskeleton of the pupa protects the developing animal inside
the different life stages feed on different resources
13. What is the total number of different Classes represented by all of the following?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
a barnacle
a chiton
a limpet
a nudibranch
a scallop
a slug
an abalone
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2
3
4
5
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14. The narrowing of openings to more forcefully expel water that exits an organism is NOT
seen in which of the following organisms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the funnel in cephalopods
the osculum in sponges
the pneumostome in slugs
the velum in hydromedusae
15. True or False. In embryonic development the blastula ends up looking the same regardless of
the cleavage pattern. It is essentially a solid ball of cells without an internal cavity.
A. True
B. False
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16. In __________, the __________ becomes the mouth.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
deuterostomes; archenteron
deuterostomes; blastocoel
deuterostomes; blastopore
protostomes; archenteron
protostomes; blastopore
17. What structural elements support the body in flatworms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a hydrostatic skeleton
collagen fibers
mesoglea
parenchyme tissue
the coelom
18. Annelids and Arthropods are similar in that they both have
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a reduced coelom
an open circulatory system
external segmentation
septa between segments
tagmatization
19. One indication that molluscs and annelids share a common ancestor is the presence of
__________ in both groups.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a closed circulatory system
a trochophore larva
collagen
metamerism
monoecious and dioecious forms
20. The circulatory system is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
closed in the arthropods
closed in the molluscs
often closed in active predators with the exception of the arthropods
open in the annelids
open in the flatworms
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21. Which cnidarian class(es) commonly has/have both the medusa and polyp stage in its/their
life cycle(s)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hydrozoa only
Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa
Scyphozoa only
Scyphozoa and Anthozoa
Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, and Anthozoa
22. All multicellular phyla have
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a coelom
a complete gut
aquatic larvae
bilateral symmetry
collagen
23. About 75% of the Platyhelminthes are parasitic. If the parasitic forms had a free–living
ancestor, which features must have changed over evolutionary time?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
bilateral symmetry
monoecious reproduction
mucus and cilia on the body surface
the sucking pharynx
triploblastic condition
24. Most crustaceans have
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a cyprid larva
a terrestrial life stage
malpighian tubules
two pairs of antennae
uniramous appendages
25. What structures do insects and the Myriapoda have in common?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
compound eyes
holometabolous development
poison fangs
uniramous appendages
wings
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26. A grazing (herbivorous) mollusc would most likely be found where?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
in the midwater of the open ocean
in the rocky intertidal
on a fish
on a sandy beach
underground
27. The development of an organism from egg⎯⎯⎯→larva⎯⎯⎯→pupa⎯⎯⎯→adult is an
example of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hemimetabolous metamorphosis
heterochrony
holometabolous metamorphosis
neoteny
paedomorphosis
28. Phyla Annelida, Arthropoda, and Mollusca are more closely related to each other than to
other phyla because all three phyla have
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a hydrostatic skeletons
a reduced coelom
heteronomous segmentation
protostome characteristics
the same larva
29. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the Phylum Platyhelminthes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
acoelomate
bilateral symmetry
complete gut
spiral cleavage
triploblastic
30. Which of the following is TRUE concerning hermaphrodites?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
simultaneous hermaphrodites are male and female at the same time
they are dioecious
they cannot reproduce sexually
they nearly always practice self–fertilization
all of the above
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31. Use the list of onychophoran characteristics below and place an X in the appropriate column
that indicates their affinity. (4 pts.)
Onychophoran Characteristic
Annelid–like
Arthropod–like
Neither
give birth to live young
growth by molting
legs without joints
reduced coelom
repeated body parts are similar
segmental nephridia
soft, non–calcified cuticle
tracheae with spiracles
32. Label all tissue layers, the digestive cavity, and the coelom in the annelid cross–section
below. (5 pts.)
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
33. Mammals sometimes give birth to genetically identical twins. Based on this evidence what
type of cleavage would you expect them to have? (2 pts.)
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34. Choose one of the three sponge morphologies and make a very simple sketch of the sponge.
Give the name of the sponge morphology you drew and indicate where water moves the
slowest, the fastest, and at an intermediate speed (between slowest and fastest). (4 pts.)
35. What is the difference between a cnidocyte and a cnida? (2 pts.)
36. What was found in sperm whale stomachs that helped explain the strange pattern of circular
scars on the whale’s skin? (2 pts.)
37. Are embryological features useful in inferring relationships among phyla? Why or why not?
(2 pts.)
38. In general, animals need to have the center of every cell less than __________ from an
oxygen source (some type of wet membrane where oxygen will diffuse across). [Be sure to
include the units in your answer.] (1 pt.)
39. Of the phyla we have studied so far, which one(s) can be defined by the presence of a
particular cell type? (1 pt.)
40. Give the name of a tagmatized arthropod and explain where and why that individual would
be considered tagmatized. (2 pts.)
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Name: ____________________________________
Last
First
ID#________________________
Gripe Sheet
Instructions:
1. Put your name at the top of the page (I tear it off from the rest of the exam).
2. If you think that a question is ambiguous or confusing, indicate the question number, the
answer you gave, and the reason that you gave this answer.
Question # Answer you gave
Gripe
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