Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
2014-2015 HONORS Chemistry Midterm Review This review sheet is a list of topics and sample practice problems only. The practice problems are good representation of what to expect on the midterm, but it is not enough to just study from the review. You need to look over your notes, old review sheets, tests and quizzes, homework, etc. Ask questions!!!! You may check your answers online and I am available Tuesday, Wednesday, and Fridays for extra help. Chapter 1 & 2: Intro to Chemistry Key Topics: What is chemistry Uncertainty in Measurement –sig figs Physical and chemical properties Physical and chemical changes 1. Determine the number of significant figures in the following values: a. 6.70 3 c. 15,300 3 b. 0.03260 4 d. 4.68 3 2. Perform the following calculations and express your answer with the correct number of significant figures: a. 34.0 x 45.62 = 1550 b. 45 – 95.24 = -50. Chapter 3: Atomic Structure Key Topics: Models of the atom (Modern atomic theory) Isotopic Notation, Subatomic particles Atomic Orbitals – s, p, d shapes Electron configurations Valence electrons Periodic Law 3. Describe the basic structure of the atom in the modern atomic theory (be able to label protons, neutrons, electrons, and the nucleus) (Ch. 3): Protons, neutrons – in nucleus (densely packed) Electrons – surrounding nucleus in orbitals/clouds Protons: + Electrons: Neutrons: neutral 4. 14 6 C protons = 6 neutrons = 8 electrons = 6 5. Sketch s and p orbitals (Ch 3): Electron clouds where there is a probability of finding electrons 6. Write the electron configuration for Bromine. 1s22s22p63s33p64s23d104p5 7. What element has the following electron configuration: 1s22s22p63s33p64s23d5 Manganese Chapter 4: The Periodic Table Key Topics: Organization of the Periodic Table (Periodic Law) Periodic Trends: Electronegativity Recognize properties of main groups 8. State the periodic law (Ch 4): Elements are grouped on periodic table by their physical and chemical properties (atomic number increases). “The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers” (pg 116). 9. Label the following areas on your periodic table (some may overlap) (Ch 4): Chapter 5: Ionic Compounds Key Topics: Octet Rule Naming and writing formulas Properties of ionic versus covalent compounds 10. Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds (Ch 5 and 6, essay): Ionic Both Covalent Metal & nonmetal Giving/taking electrons (transferring) High MP and BP Conducts electricity when molten or dissolved in water Both form stable octets Nonmetal & nonmetal (8 valence electrons) Sharing of electrons Low MP and BP Both do not conduct Poor conductors of electricity as solids electricity 11. Name the following ionic formulas (Ch 5): a. NH4Cl Ammonium chloride b. CuO Copper(II) oxide c. NaF Sodium fluoride d. Mg(NO3)2 Magnesium nitrate 12. Write formulas for the following ionic compounds (Ch 5): a. Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2 b. Copper(II) Chloride CuCl2 c. Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 d. Sodium Phosphate Na3PO4 Chapter 6: Covalent Compounds Topics: Naming and writing formulas Properties Lewis Dot structures Polar vs. Non-polar covalent bonds VSEPR Be able to… Sketch lewis structures and predict molecular geometries (VSEPR) 11. Name the following covalent compounds (Ch 6): a. b. c. d. CO2 SiF4 SnO4 CCl4 Carbon dioxide Silicon tetrafluoride Tin tetraoxide Carbon tetrachloride 12. Write formulas for the following covalent compounds (Ch 6): a. b. c. d. dinitrogen pentoxide phosphorus trichloride carbon monoxide selenium hexachloride N 2O 5 PCl3 CO SeCl6 13. Write the dipole moment and bond character of each (Ch 6): a. C-H b. C-S c. Na-Cl d. Si-O e. Cl-N 2.6-22.2=.4 2.6-2.6=0 0.9-3.2=2.3 1.9-3.4=1.5 3.2-3.0=.2 nonpolar covalent nonpolar covalent ionic polar covalent nonpolar covalent 14. Draw Lewis Structures (Ch 6): CH3Cl OF2 Check answers during class. SO3 15. Identify the shape and bond angle of molecular compounds (Ch 6): Lewis Structure Shape Bond angles NH3 Trigonal pyramidal <109.5 SO2 Linear 180 CCl4 Tetrahedral 109.5 Chapter 7: Organic Chemistry Topics: Organic bonding Hydrocarbons Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes Naming and drawing formulas Functional groups Practical applications 16. Define hydrocarbon: compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms 17. Compare/Contrast Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes: Type of Bonds Alkane Single Alkene Double Alkyne Triple Name -ane -ene -yne 18. List and describe 3 uses of organic compounds (Ch 7, organic presentations) Soap, perfumes, synthetic fabrics, polymers, medicine, PLASTIC petroleum (energy) 19. Drawing and naming organic structures and naming (Ch 7): Recognize how to draw/name structures for alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols. 3-octene Pentane 1-butanol 2-pentene Chapter 8: The Mole Topics: Mole Avogadro’s number Percent composition Empirical formulas Molecular formulas Be able to… Calculate molar mass Convert between grams and moles Convert between number of particles and moles Perform multi-step conversions Calculate percent composition Determine empirical formula Determine molecular formula 20. Determine the molar mass of the following compounds (Ch 8): Al2(SO4)3 2(26.98) + 3(32.06) + 12(16.00) = 342.14 KBr 39.10 + 79.90 = 119.00g/mol Li2O 2(6.94) + 16.00 = 29.88g/mol 21. Find the percent composition of each element (Ch 8): %Mg in MgSO4? Total mass MgSO4: 24.31 + 32.06 + 4(16.00) = 120.37 g/mol Mg: 24.31/120.37 x 100% = 20.20% Mg S: 32.06/120.37 x 100% = 26.63% S O: 64.00/120.37 x 100% = 53.17% O %H in C2H5O? Total mass C2H5O: 2(12.01) + 5(1.01) + 16.00 = 45.07 g/mol C: 24.02/45.07x 100% = 53.29% C H: 5.05/45.07x 100% = 1.11% H O: 64.00/45.07x 100% = 35.50% O 22. Mole conversions (Ch 8): # of moles in 2.5g of Aluminum Oxide? 2.5 g x 1 mol = .025mol 101.96g # of moles in 15g of Neon? 15 g x 1 mol = .74mol 20.18g # of atoms in 0.5mol of Gold? .5 mol x 6.02 x 1023 atoms = 3 x 1023 atoms 1mol # of atoms in 1.5 grams of Zinc (II) Chloride? 1.5g x 1 mol x 6.02 x 1023 atoms = 6.6 x 1022 atoms 136.29g 1mol Chapter 9: Chemical Reactions and Equations Key Topics: Chemical reaction Reactant Product Chemical equation Coefficient Reaction Types Be able to… Write and balance equations Identify types of reactions 23. Balancing equations (Ch 9): 4 Fe + 3 O2 2 Fe2O3 synthesis 3 Fe + 4 H2O 1 Fe3O4 + 4 H2 single replacement 3 Mg + 1 N2 1 Mg3N2 synthesis