Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Living Environment Dr Golub Classification Species • A group of
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Living Environment Dr Golub Classification Species • A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing offspring. How many species are there? • • • Probably 13 – 14 million 2/3 are insects Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould estimated that 99% of all plant and animal species that have ever existed have already become extinct with most leaving no fossils. Taxonomy • The branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics. Aristotle • • 384-322 B.C. Classified all organisms into two groups: o Plants o Animals • Let’s get more detailed: o If it swims = fish o If it flies = bird o If it walks = animal With so many species, we need a way to organize them. Classification • • 1735, Linnaeus published Systema Naturae Developed a system for classifying all known and yet to be discovered organisms according to physical and structural similarities. Binomial Nomenclature • • A 2-name system Taxonomists use Latin • Genus o First word, UPPERCASE, covers a group of related species Species o Second word, lowercase, refers to a species within a genus • • Both are italicized in print or underlined when written. o Ex: Homo sapiens Scientific & Common Names • A common name can be misleading o Sea horse • It can be confusing when a species has more than one common name: o Mugil cephalus,, (striped mullet, black mullet, sea mullet, flathead mullet, and gray mullet) in different regions of the world o Blue crab (many different species are blu blue) Dichotomous Key • • • Used to help classify and name organisms Made up of numbered statements Each set of statements deals with a single characteristic of an organism LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION OF HUMANS Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: sapiens Kingdom King Phylum Philip Class Can Order Order Family Five Genus Great Species Sandwiches The Domains of Life • For several decades, biologists have classified life into 5 kingdoms: o Monera o Protista o Fungi o Plantae o Animalia • What’s new? o A newer system recognizes two distinctive groups of prokaryotes. This makes it a six kingdom system. Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya • Includes all kingdoms of eukaryotes Monera • • • • • • Bacteria and Archaea o Archaea inhabit extreme environments Prokaryotes Most primative Most are unicellular Asexual Many have a cell wall Protista • • • • Eukaryotic Moist environments Mostly unicellular Most diversity Fungi • • • • Eukaryotes Mostly multicellular Asexual and sexual spores Heterotrophic - absorption Plantae • • • • • Eukaryotes Multicellular Asexual and sexual Autotrophic Photosynthesis Animalia • • • • Eukaryotes Multicellular Asexual and sexual Heterotrophic – ingestion Kingdom Types of Organisms Monera bacteria, blue-green algae, and spirochetes (prokaryotes) Protista Protozoa, algae (eukaryotes) Fungi fungi, molds, mushrooms, yeasts, mildews, and smuts Plantae mosses, ferns, woody and non-woody flowering plants Animalia sponges, worms, insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
