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02/05/2017 Fit and Healthy Body systems 02/05/2017 The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: takes in _____ The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: takes in ________ The ___________ SYSTEM: transports oxygen and glucose around the body The SKELETAL and MUSCULAR systems: use the _____ from glucose to allow ________ Words – energy, movement, oxygen, glucose, circulatory Balanced diet 02/05/2017 A balanced diet should contain fats, proteins and carbohydrates in roughly these amounts: Carbohydrates Fat Protein It should also contain water, vitamins, minerals and fibre. Poor diets 02/05/2017 If we don’t have a balanced diet we may suffer form a “deficiency symptom”: Lack of… Causes… Vitamin D Anaemia Protein Scurvy (bleeding gums and joints) Vitamin C Weak bones and teeth Vitamin A Wasting of body tissue Iron Rickets Calcium Poor night vision Muscles and the skeleton Muscles are said to work in “antagonistic pairs”. This is because they oppose each other’s movement: The skeleton does 3 jobs: 1) It gives the body SHAPE 2) It allows the body to MOVE 3) It PROTECTS the major organs 02/05/2017 Joints An “immovable” joint 02/05/2017 “Hinge” joints A “ball and socket” joint A “slightly” movable joint” A typical joint – the knee 02/05/2017 Ligaments – hold the joint together Synovial fluid – an oily substance that reduces friction Cartilage – stops the bones from rubbing against each other The Respiratory System Bronchi Rib muscles – to raise and lower the ribs Ribs – to protect the chest Alveoli (“air sacs”) – gas exchange takes place here 02/05/2017 Trachea – has stiff rings of cartilage to prevent it collapsing Bronchioles Lung Diaphragm – muscular sheet Gas exchange 02/05/2017 O2 CO2 Alveoli are very good at exchanging gases because… 1) They have a LARGE surface area 2) They have a good blood supply 3) They are moist Smoking 02/05/2017 Cigarettes contain 3 harmful things: 1. NICOTINE, which is an ___________ drug that raises the heart beat, narrows the arteries and so causes ____ _____ _____. This leads to heart _________. 2. TAR, which coats the lining of the _______ making them less able to take in oxygen. It also contains carcinogens which cause ______________. 3. CARBON MONOXIDE, which is a _______ ____ which joins up with ____ blood cells making them incapable of transporting _____________ around the body. Words – high blood pressure, oxygen, red, addictive, disease, poisonous gas, lungs, cancer Damaging the alveoli (emphysema) 02/05/2017 Before smoking After smoking – less surface area The effect of drugs Brain damage Liver damage Alcohol Bad judgement 02/05/2017 Personality change Solvents Hallucinations Addiction Organ damage