Download 9B Fit and Healthy

02/05/2017
Fit and Healthy
Body systems
02/05/2017
The RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM: takes in _____
The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:
takes in ________
The ___________
SYSTEM: transports
oxygen and glucose
around the body
The SKELETAL and
MUSCULAR
systems: use the
_____ from glucose
to allow ________
Words – energy, movement, oxygen, glucose, circulatory
Balanced diet
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A balanced diet should contain fats, proteins and
carbohydrates in roughly these amounts:
Carbohydrates
Fat
Protein
It should also contain water, vitamins, minerals and fibre.
Poor diets
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If we don’t have a balanced diet we may suffer form a
“deficiency symptom”:
Lack of…
Causes…
Vitamin D
Anaemia
Protein
Scurvy (bleeding gums and joints)
Vitamin C
Weak bones and teeth
Vitamin A
Wasting of body tissue
Iron
Rickets
Calcium
Poor night vision
Muscles and the skeleton
Muscles are said to work in
“antagonistic pairs”. This is because
they oppose each other’s movement:
The skeleton does 3 jobs:
1) It gives the body SHAPE
2) It allows the body to MOVE
3) It PROTECTS the major organs
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Joints
An “immovable”
joint
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“Hinge” joints
A “ball and
socket” joint
A “slightly”
movable
joint”
A typical joint – the knee
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Ligaments – hold the joint
together
Synovial fluid – an oily
substance that reduces
friction
Cartilage – stops the
bones from rubbing
against each other
The Respiratory System
Bronchi
Rib muscles –
to raise and
lower the ribs
Ribs – to protect
the chest
Alveoli (“air sacs”)
– gas exchange
takes place here
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Trachea – has stiff
rings of cartilage to
prevent it collapsing
Bronchioles
Lung
Diaphragm –
muscular
sheet
Gas exchange
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O2
CO2
Alveoli are very good at exchanging gases because…
1) They have a LARGE surface area
2) They have a good blood supply
3) They are moist
Smoking
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Cigarettes contain 3 harmful things:
1. NICOTINE, which is an ___________ drug that raises
the heart beat, narrows the arteries and so causes
____ _____ _____. This leads to heart _________.
2. TAR, which coats the lining of the _______ making
them less able to take in oxygen. It also contains
carcinogens which cause ______________.
3. CARBON MONOXIDE, which is a _______ ____ which
joins up with ____ blood cells making them incapable of
transporting _____________ around the body.
Words – high blood pressure, oxygen, red, addictive,
disease, poisonous gas, lungs, cancer
Damaging the alveoli (emphysema)
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Before smoking
After smoking – less
surface area
The effect of drugs
Brain
damage
Liver
damage
Alcohol
Bad
judgement
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Personality
change
Solvents
Hallucinations
Addiction
Organ damage