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Physical Science Georgia Performance Standards SPS1. Students will investigate our current understanding of the atom. a. Examine the structure of the atom in terms of DOK 1-2 • proton, electron, and neutron locations. • atomic mass and atomic number. • atoms with different numbers of neutrons (isotopes). • explain the relationship of the proton number to the element’s identity. b. Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds in terms of electron movement. DOK 2 SPS2. Students will explore the nature of matter, its classifications, and its system for naming types of matter. SPS2a. Calculate density when given a means to determine a substance’s mass and volume. DOK 2 SPS2b. Predict formulas for stable binary ionic compounds based on balance of charges. DOK 2 SPS2c. Use IUPAC nomenclature for transition between chemical names and chemical formulas of DOK 2 • binary ionic compounds (containing representative elements). • binary covalent compounds (i.e. carbon dioxide, carbon tetrachloride). SPS2d. Demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Matter in a chemical reaction. DOK 2 SPS2e. Apply the Law of Conservation of Matter by balancing the following types of chemical equations: DOK 2 • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single Replacement • Double Replacement SPS3. Students will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity. SPS3a. Differentiate among alpha and beta particles and gamma radiation. DOK 1-2 SPS3b. Differentiate between fission and fusion. DOK 1-2 SPS3c. Explain the process half-life as related to radioactive decay. DOK 1-2 SPS3d. Describe nuclear energy, its practical application as an alternative energy source, and its potential problems. DOK 2 SPS4. Students will investigate the arrangement of the Periodic Table. SPS4a. Determine the trends of the following: DOK 1-2. • Number of valence electrons • Types of ions formed by representative elements • Location of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids • Phases at room temperature SPS4b. Use the Periodic Table to predict the above properties for representative elements. DOK 1-2. SPS5. Students will compare and contrast the phases of matter as they relate to atomic and molecular motion. SPS5a. Compare and contrast the atomic/molecular motion of solids, liquids, gases and plasmas. DOK 2 SPS5b. Relate temperature, pressure, and volume of gases to the behavior of gases. DOK 2 SPS6. Students will investigate the properties of solutions. SPS6a. Describe solutions in terms of DOK 1-2 • solute/solvent • conductivity • concentration SPS6b. Observe factors affecting the rate a solute dissolves in a specific solvent. DOK 1-2 SPS6c. Demonstrate that solubility is related to temperature by constructing a solubility curve. DOK 2 SPS6d. Compare and contrast the components and properties of acids and bases. DOK 1-2 SPS6e. Determine whether common household substances are acidic, basic, or neutral. DOK 2 SPS7. Students will relate transformations and flow of energy within a system. SPS7a. Identify energy transformations within a system (e.g. lighting of a match). DOK 2 SPS7b. Investigate molecular motion as it relates to thermal energy changes in terms of conduction, convection, and radiation. DOK 2 SPS7c. Determine the heat capacity of a substance using mass, specific heat, and temperature. DOK 2 SPS7d. Explain the flow of energy in phase changes through the use of a phase diagram. DOK 1-2 SPS8. Students will determine relationships among force, mass, and motion. SPS8a. Calculate velocity and acceleration. DOK 1-2 SPS8b. Apply Newton’s three laws to everyday situations by explaining the following DOK 1-2: • Inertia • Relationship between force, mass and acceleration • Equal and opposite forces SPS8c. Relate falling objects to gravitational force. DOK 1-2 SPS8d. Explain the difference in mass and weight. DOK 1-2 SPS8e. Calculate amounts of work and mechanical advantage using simple machines. DOK 1-2 SPS9. Students will investigate the properties of waves. SPS9a. Recognize that all waves transfer energy. DOK 1-2 SPS9b. Relate frequency and wavelength to the energy of different types of electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves. DOK 1-2 SPS9c. Compare and contrast the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical (sound) waves. DOK 1-2 SPS9d. Investigate the phenomena of reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction. DOK 1-2 SPS9e. Relate the speed of sound to different mediums. c = √C/ρ Where c represents the speed of sound, C represents the stiffness of the material, and ρ represents the density of the material. DOK 1-2 SPS9f. Explain the Doppler Effect in terms of everyday interactions. DOK 2 SPS10. Students will investigate the properties of electricity and magnetism. SPS10a. Investigate static electricity in terms of DOK 2 • friction • induction • conduction SPS10b. Explain the flow of electrons in terms of DOK 1-2 • alternating and direct current. • the relationship among voltage, resistance and current. • simple series and parallel circuits. I = V/R Where I is current, V is voltage, and R is resistance. SPS10c. Investigate applications of magnetism and/or its relationship to the movement of electrical charge as it relates to DOK 1-2 • electromagnets • simple motors • permanent magnets