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Social Studies 7 Vocabulary Standard Academic Academic Academic Academic Academic History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History Content Statement 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 Term analyze demonstrate describe discuss explain archaeologist artifact evaluating historian norms perspective primary source values amphitheater aqueduct architecture astrolabe basilica checks and balances Christianity civic duty civilization enduring impact engineering frescoes governance history legacy ore smelting persecution pulley block republic technology tripartite government Byzantine Empire feudal system Germanic manorial system Mongol Turks anatomy astronomy chemistry Crusades geography Islamic Civilization physiology cultural change Renaissance scientific changes social changes political power Definition to examine carefully and in detail so as to identify causes, key factors, possible results to make evident or establish by arguments or reasoning; prove to tell or depict in written or spoken words; give an account of to consider or examine by argument, comment, etc. to make known in detail scientist who examines objects such as bones and tools to learn about past peoples and cultures material object of a culture such as a tool, an article of clothing or a prepared food to judge or determine the significance, worth, or quality of; assess scholar who researches and writes about history social expectations that guide behavior a specific point of view in understanding or judging things or events account of an event by someone who was present at the event lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good, right, fair, and just oval or round building with tiers of seats around a central open area, as those used in ancient Rome for gladiatorial contests a structure that carries water over long distances designing buildings, open areas, communities, and other artificial constructions and environments astronomical instrument for taking the altitude of the sun or stars; used by Greek astronomers from about 200 B.C. a large oblong building used as a hall of justice and public meeting place limits imposed on all branches of a government by giving each branch the right to amend or void some acts of the other branches the religion derived from Jesus Christ, based on the Bible as sacred scripture; began in Israel and spread throughout the Roman Empire responsibility of citizens to obey laws, participate in government and work for the common good a society with cities, a government, workers who specialize in certain jobs, social classes; characterized by writing, art, culture long-term effects; impact can be seen many years, decades, or centuries later art or science of making practical application of the knowledge of pure sciences as in the construction of bridges, buildings, ships design painted on a moist, plaster surface with colors ground up in water or a limewater mixture exercise of authority; control the written and other recorded events of people of the past something transmitted by or received from an ancestor or previous civilization or from the past produce a metal from its ore through heating causing injury or distress to others because of their religion, race, or political beliefs a lifting machine that helped Romans create large structures type of government in which citizens who have the right to vote select the leaders any way of putting knowledge to practical use to make something or solve a problem power and responsibility divided among three branches of government the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Empire in 476 A.D. system in which land was owned by kings or lords but held by vassals in return for their loyalty northern tribes that invaded the Roman Empire in the 1st through 6th centuries A.D. economic relationship between peasants and lords; peasants worked on land owned by the lord in return for money and services. nomads from the plains of Central Asia, north of China; fierce warriors who created a large empire under Genghis Khan a native or inhabitant of the Ottoman Empire the science concerned with the physical structure of animals and plants study of stars and other objects beyond the Earth's atmosphere science that deals with the composition and properties of substances and various elementary forms of matter series of military expeditions launched by Christian Europeans to win the Holy Land back from Muslim control study of the Earth's surface and the processes that shape it a golden age of culture from about 800-1100 A.D; great advances in mathematics and science branch of biology dealing with the functions and activities of living organisms and their parts change in the culture (religion, customs, language, etc.) as a result of invention, discovery, or contact with other societies widespread change in culture that took place in Europe beginning in the 1300s challenges to scientific theories during the Renaissance, especially relating to the study of the Earth and its place in the universe changes in arts, education, literature during the Renaissance control in the government of a country, state; authority Columbus City Schools Social Studies 7 Vocabulary History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History History Geography Geography Geography Geography Geography Geography Geography Geography Geography Geography Government Government Government Government Government Government Government Government Government Government Economics Economics Economics Economics Economics Economics Economics Economics Economics Economics Economics 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 Protestant Reformation Roman Catholic Church commercial centers cultural centers empire Silk Road trade trans-Saharan slave trade colonization conquest exploration Columbian Exchange communicable disease fauna flora pathogen geographic representation population density geographic factors impede promote Buddhism caravan cultural diffusion magnetic compass textiles Assemblies Consuls democracy direct democracy feudalism nation state radical representative democracy Senate Magna Carta benefit cost cost-benefit analysis distribution interdependence productive resources specialization variability barter economy market monetary economy Christians who shared religious views of Martin Luther and others who protested against the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation term used to describe Martin Luther's break with the Roman Catholic Church and the movement it inspired the Christian church of which the Pope, or bishop of Rome, is the supreme head area where most of the economic activity and trade takes place within a country or city area where most of the education, religion, and exchange of ideas take place within a country or city many territories and people controlled by one government chain of trade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean Sea buying, selling, or exchanging goods within a country or between countries Africans were sold by their rulers to Arab traders who moved them across the Sahara to North Africa to sell in Mediterranean countries one country extends control over foreign lands the act or state of conquering or the state of being conquered the investigation of unknown regions the movement of plants and animals between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres after the voyages of Columbus disease that is transmitted through direct contact with an infected individual or indirectly; contagious disease animal life plant life any disease-producing agent, especially a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism maps, globes, and other visuals that show the features of the Earth's surface and the processes that shape it number of people living per unit of an area (e.g. per square mile) reasons for movement relating to climate, bodies of water, mountains, deserts, proximity to natural resources to slow the movement or progress by means of obstacles or hindrances; obstruct; hinder to help or encourage to exist or flourish; further religion founded in India by Buddha (Gautama) and later spreading to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia group of traders traveling together spread of the traits, ideas and products of a culture from one place to another compass having a magnetized needle generally in line with the magnetic poles of the earth any cloth or goods produced by weaving or knitting legislative branch of Roman government in which citizens cast ballots directly; subject to strong checks on their power by Senate either of the two chief magistrates of the ancient Roman republic; executives system of government in which political control is exercised by the people, either directly or through elected representatives democratic system of government in which the people exercise political control and participate directly in decision making system in which land was owned by kings or lords but held by vassals in return for their loyalty sovereign territorial unit characterized with defined borders, common languages, culture and values a dramatic change from the tradition or past practice democratic system of government in which the people exercise political control through elected representatives the supreme council of state in Rome document limiting king's power over his nobles, agreed to by King John of England in 1215; led to development of democratic principles that which is perceived as an improvement or advantage as the result of a decision a sacrifice, loss, or penalty determining the potential costs and benefits of an action and then balancing the costs against the benefits frequency of occurrence or the natural geographic range or place where any item or category of items occurs countries are mutually reliant on each other resources used to make goods and services (natural resources, human resources, capital goods) concentration of production on fewer kinds of goods and services than are consumed tendency to shift or change economy that uses trade of goods and services for other goods and services without the use of money interaction of buyers and sellers exchanging goods and services economy that uses money for the exchange of goods and services Columbus City Schools
