Download Muscular System

Muscular System
Group Members: Mansha, Malachi, and Katie
System Purpose:
● The Muscular System is responsible for the movement of the
human body.
● Muscles roughly make up half of your body weight
● Maintains posture
● Muscles help your body circulate blood
● There are 3 types of muscles: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.
3 Types of Muscles
Skeletal muscles: Skeletal muscles help to do movements. Each muscle is
connected to two bones and moves the skeleton. It has long fibers in bundles called
fascicles. The skeletal muscles are also called the striated or striped muscle. Most
of the muscles in the body are skeletal. An example would be the plantaris and
extensors.
Smooth Muscles: These muscles are in your stomach, digestive system, and
intestines. They are responsible for the contractility of organs like blood vessels, the
gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, and the uterus/urethra. The bladder and the
uterus are smooth muscles.
Cardiac Muscles: Cardiac muscles are responsible for pumping blood throughout
the body. They keep your heart beating. These are involuntary muscles, which
means they do not need commands from the brain to pump blood. They also only
exist in your heart.
System Specialist: Orthopedist
The specialist for the muscular system is an Orthopedic Surgeon. An
Orthopedic Surgeon treats problems that occur in the musculoskeletal system
(muscular and skeletal) which includes nerves. The education required to be an
Orthopedic Surgeon is as so: 4 years of medical college, followed by a 4 to 5
year time in actual Orthopedic training. The average salary for an Orthopedic
Surgeon is about 375,000 dollars each year. (That’s a lot!)
Interactions with other Systems
The muscular system interacts with the nervous system a lot. The nervous
system consists of the brain and spinal cord. This connection makes sense,
since you must think before you move. What happens is that the brain sends
commands to the muscles and they do what the brain says. The neurons in the
nervous system are connected to the cells in the muscular system. Another
interaction is with the digestive system. Smooth muscles line the stomach.
There are also smooth muscles that surround the circulatory and lymph
systems. The muscle tissues are spread across the body to also aid
homeostasis.
Parts of a Muscle Fiber
The basic action for any muscle is contraction. Muscle fibers are like long
cylinders. Inside the fibers, there are myofibrils which are used to store protein.
There are 2 filaments inside of the myofibrils which are arranged in hexagonal
patterns. All filaments are connected to the Z-line or Z-disk. Running down
vertically, the Z-disk is next to the Transverse-tubule, which is part of the cell
membrane. Sarcoplasmic reticulum is in the membrane system, which stores
and releases the calcium ions. This triggers muscle contraction.
Biceps
The biceps are a muscle located in the front upper arm. The biceps are
attached to tough connective tissues called tendons. Tendons connect the
bicep to the shoulder bone. Those tendons are called the proximal bicep
tendons. This muscle often gets strained. Bicep strains are when the muscle
fibers and tendons tear by overstretching. Pain and swelling are the most
common symptoms. Another condition is Proximal bicep tendon rupture. This is
when one of the bicep tendons is torn away from the bone. Symptoms of this
condition are an odd-looking bulge in the bicep and sudden shoulder pain.
Bicep contracture is when the elbow is bent and the bicep becomes contracted.
The bicep has a long head and a short head. These two muscles work together
as one for the bicep. These muscles are skeletal muscles.
Triceps brachii (triceps)
The triceps brachii is a large, three-headed muscle located in the back upper
arm. These heads are named the long, lateral, and medial heads. The purpose
of the triceps is to allow you to straighten your arm, as the biceps allow you to
flex your arm. This muscle also can be strained, and often times it requires a
cast. These muscles are skeletal muscles.
Gluteus Maximus
The gluteus maximus is the biggest muscle in the body. This muscle is
known as your butt (laugh all you want...). It is connected to the coccyx and
other nearby bones. This muscle is responsible for movement of the hip
and thigh. Getting up from a chair, climbing stairs, and maintaining a
straight posture are all aided by the gluteus maximus.
One of the biggest issues that can happen to the gluteus maximus is
gluteus maximus syndrome. A spasm or tightness of this muscle can pull
the coccyx and cause pain when you rise from a sitting position (not while
sitting though.) Normally, the pain is only on one side of the gluteus
maximus. These muscles are skeletal muscles.
Hamstrings
Hamstrings are a group of 3 muscles in the back of the thigh. They run from the
pelvis to the knee, and help extend the hip and bend the knee. Hamstrings are
actually a common muscle pulled (stretched so far they have torn) by athletes.
Tight hamstrings can also be a cause for posture problems and back pain since
they can pull out the pelvis and hips out of their normal position. These muscles
are skeletal muscles.
Quadriceps
The quadriceps are commonly mistaken as a single muscle, but the quadriceps
are actually a group of four muscles on the front of the thigh. These four
muscles are called the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius,
and the rectus femoris. Their primary function is to allow the bending of the
knee. These muscles are skeletal muscles.
Abdominal Muscles
The abdominal muscles are located between the ribs and the pelvis on the front
of the body. The abdominal muscles support the trunk,
allow movement and hold organs in place by
regulating internal abdominal pressure. There are 4
main abdominal muscles. Transverse abdominis,
rectus abdominis, external oblique muscles, and
internal oblique muscles. If you overstretch the
muscles then they will strain. Also, poorly performed
movement of the trunk can strain the muscle.
The purpose of these muscles is to rotate the spine, increase pressure on the
abdomen, and helps to breathe.
Other important muscles
There are many other important muscles to the body, such as the
gastrocnemius and soleus. These muscles allow you to push off for walking,
and allow you to stand on tiptoes. Obliques are on the side of your body and
allow you to rotate and flex the side of your body.
Special Hospitals or Clinics
Hospital for Joint Diseases (NYU Langone Medical Center): Specializes in “medical and surgical
care for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of orthopaedic, musculoskeletal, rheumatic,
immunological, and neurological conditions, as well as other related diseases and injuries.”
University Hospitals Neurological Institute’s Neuromuscular Center: One of America’s foremost
centers dedicated to diagnosing and treating neuromuscular disorders such as ALS and muscular
dystrophies.
Keeping the System in top shape
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Always stretch when doing any physical activities
Try not to stretch them TOO much
Keep them strong and healthy by exercising
Diagram
ONLY fill out these
muscles; there are a few
extra spaces on the
worksheet.
Fun Facts
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The human body has about 650 muscles.
You know how your parents say it takes less muscles to smile than it does
to frown? This isn’t true. On average, it takes 12 muscles to smile, and 11
to frown. However, the muscles we use to smile are stronger, because we
use them much more.
Muscles make about 40% of your body weight. (or 2/5)
It takes half as long to gain muscle as it does to lose.
It takes 200 muscles to take a single step.
Useful links!
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Muscular system game- Put the muscles in the right places!
○ http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_02/index.shtml?
muscles
BBC website- Contains facts on many different body systems- not just muscular!
○ http://www.bbc.co.
uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/skeletalsmoothandcardiac/heart_beat.shtml
Bibliography:
http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/gluteus-maximus-muscle
https://www2.careercruising.com/careers/profile-at-a-glance/623
http://www.healthcommunities.com/orthopedic-surgery/education-training-certification-orthopedic-surgeon.html\
https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/triceps-brachii-muscle
http://www.livestrong.com/article/361531-how-do-the-quadriceps-work-benefit-the-human-body/
http://degreed.com/blog/top-10-facts-muscular-system/
http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-skeletal-muscle.html
http://www.popsugar.com/fitness/5-Things-About-Your-Hamstrings-100354
Slide credits:
Mansha: 3, 5, 6, 7 ,12, 16
Katie:1, 2, 4, 9, 10, 13, 14, 20
Malachi: 8, 11, 15, 17, 18