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PLANTS review #2 Chapters 35, 36, 37, 39 Anatomy Transport Nutrition Response Name the three basic plant organs Roots, stems, leaves The organ that anchors the plant, absorbs minerals & water, and often stores organic nutrients roots Image from: http://bio1903.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch35/35_03RootHairsAndTip.jpg What is the function of root hairs? Increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals Main photosynthetic organ of most vascular plants leaves Mutualistic relationship between plant roots and fungi that increases water absorption mycorrhizae Root hairs develop from ________ tissue epidermal epidermal vascular ground Attraction in between water molecules that helps water move up the xylem cohesion Transport protein that facilitates the movement of water across a cell membrane aquaporins Attraction between water molecules and the surface of the xylem walls that helps water move up the xylem adhesion When K+ ions leave guard cells flaccid the cells become ________ flaccid turgid close and the stomata will _______ open close Plants whose roots contain nodules infected by symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria are __________ legumes Essential elements that act as cofactors in enzymatic reactions that are needed by plants in small amounts are called________________ micronutrients Water will move into an area with lower ________ water potential. lower higher Essential elements needed by plants in large amounts like carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen are called ________________ macronutrients Tell the cofactor needed for chlorophyll production magnesium Give some examples of plant macronutrients CHNOPScarbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur calcium, magnesium, potassium ? Name the bacterial process Nitrogen fixing 1. bacteria 4. Denitrifying bacteria Nitrifying 3. bacteria Ammonifying 2. bacteria Ion uptake by roots is possible because root hairs use ______________ proton pumps to release H+ into the soil to displace cations like Ca++, Mg++, & K+ Non-protein enzyme helpers are called ___________ cofactors Give some examples of plant micronutrients Manganese, boron, iron, chlorine, zinc, Copper, nickel, molybdenum Openings in plant leaves for gas exchange stomata When K+ ions enter guard cells turgid the cells become ________ flaccid turgid open and the stomata will _______ open close Cells connected to sieve tube members by many plasmodesmata which help load sugars and assist with metabolism Companion cells Water impermeable ring of cells that blocks the apoplastic flow of water and solutes and channels it into the xylem Casparian strip Continuum of cell walls plus the extracellular spaces apoplast Transport mechanism that moves anions or sugars into cells when hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient cotransport Continuum of cytosol connected by plasmodesmata between plant cells symplast Describes a walled cell that has lost water in hypertonic surroundings flaccid Axillary buds are located _________ between the leaf and stem Secondary growth involves the _________ plant growing in width or circumference Movement of water due to a difference in pressure between two locations Bulk flow Describes a walled cell that has gained water in hypotonic surroundings turgid Exudation of water droplets from plant leaf tips at night due to root pressure guttation Cells that surround stomatal openings and control their opening and closing Guard cells Evaporative loss of water from leaves transpiration Vascular tissue consisting of elongated living cells that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant phloem Vascular plant tissue consisting of tubular dead cells that conduct water and minerals upward from roots to rest of plant xylem Water moves in xylem from roots to shoots due to negative ____________ pressure positive negative Mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work chemiosmosis Sugar moves in phloem from source to sink is due to positive ____________ pressure positive negative Terminal _________ buds are located at the tip of stems Primary _________ growth involves the plant growing in length/height Perpetual embryonic tissues where cell division and plant growth occurs meristems = ___________ cell division The zone of ____________ is the region where new cells are being produced root cap protects the The _________ root tip as it pushes through the soil The zone of ____________ elongation is the region where cells are growing in length Apical dominanceis when the _____________ terminal buds inhibit the growth of axillary buds The zone of ____________ maturation is the region where cells differentiate and become functional In leaves, the outer layer made of tightly packed cell covered by epidermis waxy cuticle = _______________ Waxy layer covering the epidermis which prevents water loss cuticle Root system consisting of a mat of many thin roots without a main root seen in monocots Fibrous roots =_______________ Apical __________ meristems are regions of primary growth at the tips of roots and buds Root system with one thick vertical root with many lateral roots seen in dicots is called taproot a ________________ Lateral meristems are regions ________ of secondary growth where the plant increases in diameter vascular cambium The ________________ produces secondary xylem and phloem Openings that connect tracheids pits cork cambium The ________________ produces the tough outer woody covering (bark) Xylem is made of cells called ___________ tracheids Xylem cells found in some angiosperms in addition to tracheids Vessel elements non living Mature xylem cells are _______ living non-living Phloem is made of cells called Sieve tube members ___________________ living Mature phloem cells are _______ living non-living End wall in a sieve tube member which facilitates the flow of phloem sap Sieve plate Most abundant type of living cell in plants that can differentiate into other cell types parenchyma “Basic plant cells” with thinner cell walls that perform metabolic functions like photosynthesis parenchyma Positive pressure results in _________ the movement of phloem sap negative positive Cell type that is structural with unevenly thickened walls that supports growing parts of plants collenchyma ground tissue includes all ________ cells that are not vascular or epidermal “Basic plant cells” with thinner cell walls that perform metabolic functions like photosynthesis parenchyma Negative pressure results in _________ the movement of xylem sap negative positive Cell type that is grouped in cylinders that is structural but FLEXIBLE with no lignin in the cell walls collenchyma cZXV asdfd Cell type that is structural but rigid; 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