Download Review Sheet for Ecology ANSWERS!

 Review Sheet for Ecology ­ ANSWERS! 1. Draw and label the trophic level energy pyramid: 2. Draw and label the carbon cycle: 3. Draw and label the nitrogen cycle: Review Sheet for Ecology ­ ANSWERS! 4. Draw and label the water cycle: 5. Draw and label the carrying capacity graph: _______ 6. During one growing season, 5000 square meters of corn plants transpires approximately 1.85 million liters of water. The water lost from the plants via transpiration goes directly to which of the following?
A. insects. B. the soil. C. streams. D. the atmosphere _______ 7. Black terns are a species of bird living in marshes, ponds, and marshy lakes. They feed on insects, fish, and crustaceans. They usually make their nests on loose, floating vegetation. Which of the following environmental changes would most likely decrease the size of the black tern population? A competing bird population decreases in size. B. Fish species have a more successful breeding season than usual. C. A new plant species invades the environment and creates a dense cover of vegetation. D. Insect larvae experience lower than average rates of predation and survive to adulthood. Review Sheet for Ecology ­ ANSWERS! _______ 8. Sea otters are small marine mammals that prey on fish, clams, crabs, and sea urchins. Sea otters’ natural predators include bears, sharks, and killer whales, but humans have also threatened sea otter populations. Hunting of sea otters for their fur severely reduced sea otter populations in the 18th and 19th centuries. After laws and programs were put into place to protect sea otters, their populations started increasing. Some sea otter populations in Alaska are now decreasing again. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these decreases? A. greater numbers of killer whales B. larger populations of sea urchins C. less competition from other marine mammals D. limited immigration of sea otters from California _______ 9. Wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park in 1995. Wolves hunt elk, but the elk population in the park has declined more than it was expected to decline from direct predation by wolves. Other than direct predation, which of the following factors most likely contributed to the decline in the elk population? A. decreased birth rate in elk C. decreased parasite load in elk B. decreased emigration of elk
D. decreased competition between elk _______ 10. Brown tree snakes were accidentally carried to the island of Guam in the cargo bays of military planes after World War II. Brown tree snakes prey upon birds. There are no natural predators of brown tree snakes on Guam. Which of the following most likely happened as a result of the arrival of the brown tree snakes on Guam? A. Forest biodiversity increased. B. Many bird populations disappeared. C. Immigration of new species of birds decreased. D. All reptile species experienced increases in population size _______ 11. Only 0.001% of water on Earth is present as soil moisture. In the water cycle, which of the following can happen to this water next? A. absorption by plants B. condensation into streams C. decomposition by bacteria D. transpiration to the atmosphere _______ 12. A partial food web is shown below. The insect species in this food web are ladybugs, aphids, caterpillars, and grasshoppers. Review Sheet for Ecology ­ ANSWERS! Which of the following statements describes what will most likely happen if another animal that preys on insects enters the community? A. The plant populations will decrease. B. The ladybug population will increase. C. The small bird population will decrease.
D. The grasshopper population will increase _______ 13. Consumers need nitrogen to make _______________ in their bodies and they get this nitrogen from ______________. A. carbohydrates; the air B. lipids; eating food C. proteins; the air D. proteins; eating food 14. A partial food web for a deep­sea vent is below. A.) Which organism or organisms are the producers in this food web? Explain your answer using evidence from the food web. Producers = sulfur bacteria because they are at the base of the chain and all energy starts from them ­ there are no arrows pointing toward them, just away because they are giving their energy to the shrimp, clams, and worms.
B.) Compare how much of the energy initially entering the vent ecosystem is available to the Atlantic vent shrimp and to the eelpout based on their trophic levels. Explain why there is a difference in the amount of energy available to each species The energy DECREASES up the chain because most of the energy is lost as heat. The sulfur bacteria have the most energy, then the shrimp/clam/worm, and then the eelpout/crab have the least amount of energy. There’s a different amount of energy available to each species based on what they eat and which level they are in the food chain.