Download Slide 1 - Net Start Class

Klein Collins
World History
Coach Kappeler; Room 194
TODAY’s OBJECTIVES:
• Summarize Aryan influence into India
• Describe Hinduism
• Describe Buddhism
• Describe Confucianism
• Explain the influence of each
AGENDA:
• WARM-UP:
• LECTURE & DISCUSSION
• REVIEW
ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME:
Lecture Outline:
Far East Religions and Philosophies
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Lecture Outline: “Far East Religions and Philosophies”
Aryans
I. India
A. Around 1500 B.C the Aryans enter the Indus River Valley
and bring with them their Vedas. Sacred Literature and
collection of prayers.
B. Refer to themselves as “the nobles” and the natives
dasas = “dark” later becomes known as slave
C. Beginning of a Caste System = 4 Classes of India’s people
D. Aryans were divided into 3 social classes; later 4
1. Brahmins / priests
2. Warriors
3. Peasants / traders
Shudras – Non Aryan laborers
or craftsmen
4. Varnas
E. Religious beliefs mixed which
resulted in belief of thousands
of gods.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Lecture Outline: “Far East Religions and Philosophies”
Aryans
I.
A. Around 1500 B.C the Aryans enter the Indus River Valley
and bring with them their Vedas. Sacred Literature and
collection of prayers.
B. Refer to themselves as “the nobles” and the natives
dasas = “dark” later becomes known as slave
C. Beginning of a Caste System
D. Aryans were divided into 3 social classes;
1. Brahmins / priests
2. Warriors
3. Peasants / traders
4. Shudras – Non Aryan traders
E. Mingling of the two people
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Lecture Outline: “Far East Religions and Philosophies”
Hinduism
I. Origins and Beliefs
A. Unable to trace back to one founder with single set
of beliefs
B. View religion as a way of liberating the soul from
illusions, disappointments, and mistakes of
everyday existence.
C. Hindu teachers attempted to explain the Vedas. They
meditated upon this and their answers became known
as Upanishads.
1.
2.
Upanishads are written dialogues or discussions
between a student and teacher.
Want to achieve liberation from desires and suffering =
Moksha. A state of perfect understanding of all things.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Lecture Outline: “Far East Religions and Philosophies”
Hinduism Cntd:
I. Origins and Beliefs
A. Atman, the individual soul of a living being
B. Brahman, the world soul that contains and unites all
atmans
C. When a person understands the relationship between
atman and Brahman, that person achieves perfect
understanding (Moksha) and a release from life in this
world.
D. Reincarnation, an individual soul or spirit is born again
and again until Moksha is achieved.
E. Karma, a soul’s good or bad deeds; follows from one
reincarnation to another. Caste System.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Lecture Outline: “Far East Religions and Philosophies”
Hinduism Cntd:
I. Changes and Developments
A. Brahman sometimes seen as having three personalities:
Brahma, the creator; Vishnu, the protector; Shiva, the
destroyer
B. Today: Hindus are free to choose the diety they worship
or to choose none at all
C. Also free to choose the path for achieving Moksha
1.
2.
3.
Path of right thinging.
Path of right action
Path of religious devotion
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Lecture Outline: “Far East Religions and Philosophies”
Hinduism Cntd:
I. Changes and Society
A. Caste System
B. Beliefs of Hinduism and the caste structure dominate
every aspect of a person’s life
1. What one could eat
2. How one ate it
3. Personal Cleanliness
4. People one could associate with
5. How on dressed.
II. New Religions
A. Jainism, founded by Mahavira, believed that everything
in the universe has a soul and so should not be harmed
B. Sweep paths in front of them and wear gauze masks
C. Look for occupations that involve not harming any
creature. Trade and commerce
D. Due to their business activities, they make up one of the
wealthiest communities in India.
E. Preach tolerance for all religions
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Lecture Outline: “Far East Religions and Philosophies”
Buddhism:
I.
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama
A. Destined for greatness before birth
B. Decides to spend life in search of religious truth and an
end to suffereing
C. At 29, leaves palace and wander’s forests of India for six
years in search of Enlightenment, or wisdom.
D. After 49 days of meditation, he achieved an
understanding of the cause of suffering in this world.
E. From this point on he was known as Buddha, “the
enlightened one”
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Lecture Outline: “Far East Religions and Philosophies”
Buddhism:
I.
Origins and Beliefs
A. First sermon to his 5 companions he laid out four main
ideas.
B. The Four Noble Truths
1.
2.
3.
4.
Everything in life is suffering and sorrow
The cause of all suffering is people’s selfish desire for
the temporary pleasures of this world.
The way to end all suffering is to end all desires.
The way to overcome such desires and attain
Enlightenment is to follow the Eightfold Path, which
is called the Middle Way between desires and selfdenial.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Lecture Outline: “Far East Religions and Philosophies”
Buddhism:
I.
Seeking Enlightenment
A. Follow the Eightfold Path
B. Following this you reach Nirvana, Buddha’s word for
release from selfishness and pain.
C. Like a staircase; must master one step at a time
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Right Views
Right Intentions
Right Speech
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Right Resolve (Actions/Conduct)
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Lecture Outline: “Far East Religions and Philosophies”
Buddhism:
I.
Buddhism Religious Society
A. Five disciples that heard Buddha’s first sermon were the
first monks admitted to a sangha, or Buddhist religious
order.
B. Sangha has come to refer to the entire religious
community
C. Three Jewels of Buddhism
1.
2.
3.
Religious community
Buddha
The dharma, or the Buddhist doctrine or law.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Lecture Outline: “Far East Religions and Philosophies”
Buddhism:
I.
Buddhism and Society
A. Rejected the caste system; many early followers
included laborers and craftspeople.
B. Had a strong following in northeast India; Aryans didn’t
have as strong of an influence there.
C. Allowed women but only reluctantly; fear that they
would distract the men from their religious duties.
D. Monks and Nuns; vow of poverty
II.
Following Buddha’s death
A. Missionaries spread to Southeast Asia and to Central
Asian trade routes = China.
B. Never gained a foothold in India; Hinduism might have
absorbed Buddhism.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Lecture Outline: “Far East Religions and Philosophies”
Confucianism:
I.
Founded by Confucius.
A. China’s most influential scholar during the Zhou Dynasty
that was being torn apart by warring lords.
B. Believed social order, harmony, and good government
could be restored in China if society was organized
around five basic relationships.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C.
Ruler and subject
Father and son
Husband and wife
Older brother and younger brother
Friend and friend
a. Rulers should practice kindness and virtuous living.
b. In return, subjects should be loyal and law-abiding.
Children practice filial piety, respect for their parents
and elders.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Lecture Outline: “Far East Religions and Philosophies”
Confucianism:
I.
Confucianism Cntd.
A. Students collected his works in a book called Analects.
B. Set the groundwork for the creation of a bureaucracy, a
trained civil service or those who run the government.
C. Education became critically important to career
advancement in the bureaucracy.
D. Never was a religion but was an ethical system. Became
the foundation for Chinese government and social order.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.