Download Angiosperms

Angiosperms
Name __________________________
Date _________________________
Block _________________
•
•
•
________________________ that reproduce sexually through their
_________________
_________________________________ within fruit
Most widespread of all land plants
Angiosperm Adaptations to Life on Land
•
Alternation of generations
•
_______________ tissue
o Xylem tissue has ________________________ and
________________ cells instead of __________________________
Vessel element cells evolved from tracheid cells
Arranged __________________ and forming continuous
tubes that are better at carrying water than tracheids but not
as good for giving supporting
Fiber cells also evolved from the tracheid cell.
Have ________________________and are specialized for
supporting
•
o Resist drying out due to thick _______________________ (cuticle)
o Stomata
•
•
Gymnosperm Adaptations to Life on Land
o
o ________________________ and nourish _____________ until
environmental conditions are favourable
•
o Pollen grains are dust-like particles carried by
_______________, ____________,
_____________, animals
Angiosperm Subclasses
• Two subclasses of angiosperms:
•
_____________________ (_____________________)
•
_____________________ (_____________________)
Monocots: angiosperms whose ________________________________
Dicots: angiosperms whose _____________________________________
Cotyledons: ____________________ of the embryo
Filled with _______________
First leaves to carry out ___________________________
Monocot & Dicot Characteristics
Angiosperm Reproduction
•
Reproduce _________________ through their _________________ in a
process that involves _______________________
• Pollination is the ________________________ from one flowering plant
to another
• Plants _____________________________ have
________________________ with little or no smell
o Ex. corn, wheat, grass
• Vector pollination – pollination by ______________________
o _______________________ relationship
Animals get food (nectar or pollen)
Plants get pollinated
Female Reproductive Structures
• Pistil: contains the _____________, the __________________, and the
_____________________ within the ovary
• Stigma: captures and ________________ the _______________ with a
sticky or hairy substance
• Style: allows the _______________________ to ____________________
to the ovule
• Ovary: encloses and _____________________________.
o Contains one or more ovules for double fertilization
to take place
o The ovule contains the female gametophyte (the egg (N)
and the polar nuclei (N+N)
Male Reproductive Structures
• Stamen: contains the _________________ and the __________________
• Anther: undergoes meiosis to produce the __________________________
(male gametophyte)
• Filament: _____________________________________Other Flower Parts
• Receptacle: the ________________ where the petals, ovary, and sepals are
_____________
• Sepals: they are ________________ and they enclose and
________________ the developing ____________________
• Petals: they are ____________________________ and
_________________ to attract _________________________________
Pollination
• Pollen is _______________________________ by insects, bats, birds, or
wind _____________________________ to the sticky
___________________ and germinates producing a pollen tube
• The two sperm nuclei _________________________________ to the
opening of the ovule
Fertilization
• ____________________________ nuclei enter the ovule opening
• __________________ fertilization takes place
o ____________________________ (N) _________________ with the
polar nuclei (N+N) producing an __________________ (provides nutrients
for the developing embryo)
o The ____________________________ (N)
______________________________ (N) producing
a zygote (2N) which develops into an embryo in a seed
• ____________________ thickens to become a fruit
• The ________________ toughens to produce the
seed coat
Coevolution of Animals and Flowers
• Initially, this relationship must have evolved accidentally
o However, the coevolutionary relationship strengthened because it was
beneficial to the survival of both plants and animals
o Ex. bees remember the color, shape and odor of a flower it finds food on
very clearly
• the bee will continue to look for those flowers
• on its way to the food (pollen) the bee might pollinate the flower with
pollen from the last flower it visited this ensures the survival of the
plant
o Ex. flowers that are pollinated by moths are very fragrant (we use them for
perfumes)
• moths can't see color but have an excellent sense of smell
o Ex. flowers pollinated by flies smell like rotting meat! (flies are looking for
places to lay egg)
Seed Dispersal
• _______________________________ the process of distributing
____________________ from __________________ plants
• Why do seeds need dispersal?
o If seeds fall to the ground beneath the parent plant instead of being
dispersed they will ____________________ with one another and with
the parent plant for sunlight, water, and nutrients
competition will ____________________________________ for
the growing seeds
seed dispersal also
__________________________________________________
Seeds can be dispersed by
o
o
o ______________________________get eaten, the fleshy part is
digested by the animal but the seeds are not
_________________________________ from the animal in a new
environment with fertilizer
Have you ever wondered why unripe fruits are green and have bitter taste?
• Inside unripe fruit the seeds are _______________________
o Unripe fruits are _______________________________ to try to keep
animals from eating them
• if they are eaten too soon, the immature seeds will not be able to grow
o Unripe fruit is _____________________ so that they are ________
_______________________________ and are not easily found by animals