Download Unit 3 (Igneous)

Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________
ID: A
Earth Systems 3209: Review Unit 1 - 3
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which processes are responsible for Earth’s layers?
a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 3 and 2 d. 3 and 4
2. Which major branch of Earth Science involves the study of how Earth’s materials, structures, processes and
organisms change over time?
a. astronomy b. geology c. meteorology d. oceanography
3.
In which layer of Earth does convection occur resulting in plate movement?
a. asthenosphere b. inner core c. lithosphere d. outer core
4. Which letter in the diagram corresponds to the layer of Earth that is solid iron and nickel?
a. A b. B c. C d. D
5. What are the two most common elements in Earth’s crust?
a. iron and aluminum b. iron and silicon c. oxygen and aluminum d. oxygen and silicon
6. Which of Earth’s layers is thinnest?
a. crust b. inner core c. outer core d. mantle
7. Which is not a reason that Earth science is different than other sciences?
a. it draws from other sciences b. it has a consideration of time c. it has a global perspective d. it is not a
true science
8. Which states that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary layers, the oldest layer is on the bottom and get
progressively younger upwards?
a. original horizontality b. inclusions c. superposition d. uniformitarianism
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Name: ________________________
ID: A
9. Which feature is shown in the diagram below?
a. correlation b. inclusions c. metamorphism d. unconformity
10. Which is used to measure relative time?
a. cross-cutting relationships b. growth rings c. radioactive dating d. varves
11.
Based on the information below, which age in years represents when sediment deposition
began?
a. 9 b. 18 c. 36 d. 72
12. Mistaken Point, Newfoundland contains fossils dated at 600 million years. Which
segment of geologic time corresponds to the age when these fossils would have formed?
a. Cenozoic b. Mesozoic c. Paleozoic d. Precambrian
13. Which is the shortest unit on the geological time scale?
a. eon b. epoch c. era d. period
14. How old is the tree illustrated in the diagram below?
a. 5 years b. 10 years c. 2.5 years d. 20 years
15. What part of the geologic time scale makes up the largest percentage of Earth’s history?
a. Cenozoic b. Devonian c. Paleozoic d. Precambrian
16. What type of fossil is a dinosaur footprint?
a. carbonized b. petrified c. replacement d. trace
17. In which mineral group does halite (NaCl) belong?
a. oxide b. sulfide c. carbonate d. halide
18. Which is a mineral?
a. gold b. quartzite c. basalt d. sandstone
19. Based on the description below, which type of mineral does the geologist have?
A geologist has a sample that looks like quartz. It has a rhombohedral shape and demonstrates double refraction.
She places a drop of acid on it and notices bubbles forming.
a. chalcopyrite b. gold c. magnetite d. calcite
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Name: ________________________
ID: A
20. Which is the least useful property to identify a mineral?
a. cleavage b. specific gravity c. colour d. lustre
21. Which is a similarity between diamond and graphite?
a. atomic arrangement b. cleavage direction c. economic use d. elemental composition
22. An unknown mineral has a mass of 110 g and displaces 40 mL of water. What is its specific gravity?
a. 110 b. 55 c. 2.8 d. 1.4
23. A mineral can be scratched by glass. What does this most directly tell us about the mineral’s hardness?
a. less than 5.5 b. greater than 2.5 c. greater than 5.5 d. less than 2.5
24. When existing rock is put under heat and pressure, what type of rock forms?
a. metamorphic b. igneous c. sedimentary d. mineral
25. Which involves the sub-processes of compaction and cementation?
a. convection b. crystallization c. lithification d. segregation
26. Which mineral cleaves in one directional sheets?
a. mica b. diamond c. calcite d. halite
27. Which rock is felsic and forms from magma?
a. basalt b. rhyolite c. gabbro d. granite
28. Which rock forms from a silica-rich magma?
a. gabbro b. basalt c. granite d. rhyolite
29. Which rock has the slowest cooling rate?
a. rhyolite b. granite c. basalt d. andesite
30. Which rock has an aphanitic texture?
a. diorite b. gabbro c. granite d. rhyolite
31. Which rock will form when lava cools instantly?
a. andesite b. basalt c. obsidian d. diorite
32. What is the origin of fine-grained igneous rock?
a. lava that cooled quickly on Earth’s surface b. lava that cooled slowly on Earth’s surface c. silt that settled
quickly in oceans d. silt that settled slowly in oceans
33. Which rock-forming process will result in a glassy texture?
a. alignment of minerals as a result of stress b. cementing together of large, angular crystals c. rapid cooling
of lava at Earth’s surface d. recrystallization of a rock during metamorphism
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Name: ________________________
ID: A
Short Answer
1. Based on the information below, answer the question that follows.
How does this planet differ in structure from present day Earth? Explain a process that must occur for this planet
to acquire Earth’s structure.
2. Briefly describe the evolution of our solar system according to the solar nebular hypothesis.
3. Using examples, describe how Earth science draws from two other sciences.
4. A sample was radioactively dated to be 2139 million years old. If the half-life of the radioactive isotope used is
713 million years and the rock originally contained 260 grams of parent isotope what is the amount of parent
isotope presently in the rock?
5.
i) Arrange all letters in the diagram above in the order in which they occurred
beginning with the oldest.
Oldest Youngest
___ , ___ , ___ , ___ , ___ , ___ , ___ , ___ , ___ , ___
ii) Does A represent an intrusive feature or extrusive feature? Explain.
6. A caribou dies and is laying on the edge of a river. Describe two conditions that favour the preservation of the
remains of this specimen.
7. Two mineral samples that look similar are known to be quartz and calcite. Explain two ways how you can
distinguish quartz from calcite.
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Name: ________________________
ID: A
8. Explain one process that occurs at location X and one process at location Y.
9. Based on the technical definition, ice is considered a mineral while water is not. Explain why this is the case.
10. Use the diagram below to aid in answering the following questions.
Ultramafic
Mafic
Intermediate
Felsic
i) Which magma composition allows for the crystallization of muscovite mica
and potassium feldspar?
__________________________________________
ii) Which rock type forms from a lava composition that is rich in olivine,
pyroxene and calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar?
__________________________________________
11. Explain why there would be a difference in crystal size between a plutonic intrusion with a 1 kilometre diameter
and a plutonic intrusion with a 10 metre diameter.
12. Describe two things that can be determined by examining the crystal size of minerals in igneous rocks.
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ID: A
Earth Systems 3209: Review Unit 1 - 3
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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B
B
A
A
D
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C
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A
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D
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D
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A
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A
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A
C
SHORT ANSWER
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cleaveage
acid test
X - heat and pressure added to metamorphize the rock
Y - pressure lithifies the sediment into a sedimentary rock
Ice is a naturally occuring solid with a definite structure and chemical composition. Water is liquid.
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