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Download Chapter 3 Chemical Foundations: Elements, Atoms, and Ions
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Name Section Date_____________ Chapter 3 Chemical Foundations: Elements, Atoms, and Ions I. Matching Match the description in Column B with the correct term in Column A. Write the letter in the blank provided. Each term matches with only one description, so be sure to choose the best description for each term. Column A Column B _____ 1. electron _____ 2. nucleus A. sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom _____ 3. isotopes B. positively charged subatomic particle _____ 4. atomic number C. dense, positively charged center of atom _____ 5. mass number D. subatomic particle with zero charge _____ 6. ion _____ 7. neutron E. atoms with same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons _____ 8. cation F. negatively charged ion _____ 9. proton G. number of protons in the nucleus of an atom _____ 10. anion H. atom with a charge I. positively charged ion J. negatively charged subatomic particle II. Multiple Choice Choose the one best answer and write its letter in the blank. _____ 11. Which of the following is a compound? a) Fe World of Chemistry b) CO c) O2 3-1 d) K Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Name _____ 12. Section Which element’s symbol begins with a different letter than its name? a) oxygen _____ 13. Date_____________ b) neon c) fluorine d) sodium Which is the most abundant element (by mass) in the earth’s crust and in the human body? a) carbon b) silicon c) neon d) oxygen _____ 14. Which of the following is NOT part of Dalton’s atomic theory? a) all elements are composed of atoms b) atoms of the same element are identical c) atoms are in constant motion d) when atoms combine they do so in simple whole number ratios _____ 15. Which pair contains an element that is NOT diatomic? a) hydrogen and helium b) fluorine and chlorine _____ 16. c) bromine and iodine d) oxygen and nitrogen The element chlorine belongs to which of the following groups? a) alkali metals b) noble gases c) halogens d) alkaline earth metals _____ 17. Which of the statements (a - c) is NOT true about a carbon-14 atom? a) It contains 6 protons. b) It contains 6 neutrons. c) It contains 6 electrons. d) All of the above are true. _____ 18. An ion always contains a) equal numbers of protons and electrons b) equal numbers of protons and neutrons c) unequal numbers of protons and neutrons d) unequal numbers of protons and electrons _____ 19. The identity of an element is determined by its a) mass number b) number of neutrons World of Chemistry c) atomic number d) atomic mass 3-2 Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Name Section Date_____________ _____ 20. Which of the following statements is true? a) the proton and the neutron have opposite charges b) the proton and the electron have opposite charges c) the electron and the neutron are found in the nucleus d) atoms gain or lose protons when they form ions _____ 21. Which of these atoms has the greatest number of neutrons in its nucleus? _____ 22. a) 56 Mn 25 c) 57 Co 27 b) 56 Fe 26 d) 56 Which of the following is most likely to form a cation? a) a metal b) a nonmetal III. Ni 28 c) a metalloid d) a noble gas Short Answer Complete the following table: Element Symbol Atomic (atom/ion) Number 17 No. of protons 1 sodium atom No. of Neutrons 18 Mass Number No. of electrons 18 0 Charge +1 23 Na 11 Write the formula for the compounds that would be formed from the following ions: Na+ and Cl- ___________________ Al3+ and Br- ___________________ K+ and S2- ___________________ Mg2+ and Cl- ___________________ World of Chemistry 3-3 Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Name IV. Section Date_____________ Free Response Answer the questions in the space provided. Use complete sentences and be as complete as you can. 1. Compare Rutherford’s model of the atom to Thomson’s model. Explain Rutherford’s reasoning in developing his model 2. How might the results of Rutherford’s experiment have been different if he had used aluminum foil (atomic number 13) rather than gold foil (atomic number 79)? World of Chemistry 3-4 Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
