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Cell Structure & Infectious cells Study Guide Complete the data chart & be able to identify all parts on a diagram of a cell. Organelles Function Cytoplasm Gel-like material that fills the cell & surrounds the organelles Cell membrane Allows material to enter or exit the cell & protects the contents of the cell nucleus Control center of the cell Endoplasmic reticulum Transport materials & proteins around the cell ribosomes Builds proteins in the cell mitochondria Provides energy for the cell by breaking down sugar molecules in cellular respiration chloroplast Provides food for a plant cell by collecting energy from the sun during photosynthesis Cell wall Rigid material that surrounds a plant cell that gives it shape, support, & protection vacuole Stores food, water, & other materials in the cell Golgi apparatus (body) Packages & distributes proteins and other material in the cell lysosomes Break down larger particles to smaller particles for recycling in the cell Complete the data chart Specialized Cell Function blood Carry oxygen and other material throughout the body bone Structure and movement muscle Attaches to bone and allows for movement nerve Detects stimuli from the environment and transmits information between cells epithelial Covers the surface of the body and the lining of internal organs Complete the data chart Pathogen Add Another Example virus Influenza, cold, HIV, chicken pox Most used treatment vaccine bacteria Strep throat, pneumonia antibiotic fungus Athlete’s foot, ringworm Anti-fungal Protist/ parasite Malaria, tape worm Varies depending on the type Brief Description Tiny particle with nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat that can only reproduce inside a living cell Prokaryotic cell with a cell wall that interferes with the normal function of a cell & reproduces by binary fission Most are unicellular organisms that reproduce by spores An organism that requires a host to obtain nutrients to survive 1. What is the difference between an infectious disease & a non-infectious disease Infectious can be spread from person to person & non-infectious cannot be spread 2. How are the following pathogens most often spread from organism to organism? Virus: inhaling contaminated air, touch a contaminated object, coming in contact with a contaminated person, exchange of bodily fluids Fungus: inhaling spores, or spores landing on your skin Bacteria: inhaling contaminated air, biological vectors, contaminated objects, coming in contact with a contaminated person Protist: contaminated food or water, biological vectors 3. What is the difference between an antibiotic and a vaccine? Vaccines are weaken forms of a live virus/bacteria that creates an immune response that fights off the infection when the actual virus/bacteria enter your body, antibiotics weaken of kill bacteria only 4. What does it mean that the cell membrane is selectively permeable? The cell membrane allows certain materials to leave and enter the cell 5. Explain how pant and animal cells are different Plant cells have a larger vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplast for photosynthesis 6. List ways you can prevent an infection from a pathogen. Wash hands, exercise, get rest, eat healthy, get check-ups, stay away from contaminated people 7. Describe how a virus infects the body. Attaches to a cell membrane, injects genetic material, duplicates until the cell burst & dies, newly replicated virus attack other cells 8. What is a biological vector? Give an example. An organism that carries a disease that can be passed to humans. Ex. Malaria is carried by mosquitoes 9. What is the negative affect of over-using of antibiotics? Bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics can be spread to other individuals and make the antibiotic ineffective 10. What are some positive ways that the following organisms can help in the environment or in industries? A)Bacteria: healthy digestive systems, production of dairy products (cheese, yogurt), Oxygen for the environment, insulin production for diabetic patients B)Fungus: Mold: used to make certain antibiotics Yeast: use to make breads and alcohol from fermentation 11. In the equation, P4 + O2 P2O3, if there are 20 g of P4 and 15 g of O2, how many grams of P2O3 will form? 35g 12. List groups on the periodic table will ionically bond together. Group 16 ionically bonds with group 2, Group1 ionically bonds with group 17 13. Draw a displacement/time graph that represents positive acceleration 14. Name three gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. Why is AC current used instead of DC in the power grid? AC current can travel from high to low voltages & it can changes directions 15. If you push a skateboard that has a mass of 60kg with a force of 6N, what force will the skateboard push back on you according to Newton’s third law of motion? _6N____ 16. If two objects have the different masses, which object is easier to accelerate? Which law supports your answer? The smaller mass 17. The tendency of an object to resist change in its motion is known as ___inertia__ 18. Newton's first law of motion states that an object remains at rest unless a(n) _unbalanced__ force acts on it. 19. The statement "for every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction" is a statement of Newton’s _3rd_ law 20. When a swimmer pushes the water back, the water pushes the swimmer forward. What is the reaction force to in this situation? water push the swimmer forward