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The Reproductive System 1 Contents The male reproductive systme The female reproductive systme Structures of the reproductive systems Internal genital organs MALE FEMALE Gonads Testis Ovary Transport ducts Epididymis Ductus deferens Ejaculatory duct Male urethra Uterine tube Uterus Vagina Accessory glands Seminal vesicle Prostate Bulbourethral gland Greater vestibular gland Scrotum Penis Vulva External genital organs 3 The male reproductive systme The male reproductive organs Internal genital organs: gonad--- testis (睾丸), ducts --- epididymis (附睾), ductus deferens (输精管) ejaculatory ducts (射精管) urethra (尿道) accessory glands--seminal vesicle (精囊腺) prostate (前列腺) bulbourethral glands (尿道球腺) External genital organs: scrotum (阴囊), penis (阴茎) 5 6 7 Ⅰ. The testis: ◙ The features of testes--Paired oval-shaped organs They are in the scrotum (crypart) 2 extremities, 2 surfaces, 2 borders: Posterior border— (mesorchial border) connected with the epididymis Anterior border--8 ◙ The structure of testes: 9 Ⅱ. The Epididymis: ◙ Position: in the scrotum, attached to the posterior borderof the testis ◙ External feature: 3 parts-head, body, tail ◙ Structure: 10 Ⅲ. The ductus deferens: ◙ the testicular part, ◙ the funicular (spermatic) part, ◙ inguinal part, ◙ pelvic part: longest part ----- ampulla ductus deferentis 输精管壶腹 11 The ductus deferens Pelvic part Inguinal part Funicular part Testicular part 12 ◙ Spermatic cord: --- soft round rope --- upper extremity of the testis → deep ring of inguinal canal --- main structure : ductus deferense, testicular artery pampiniform plexus of vein nervous plexus lymphatic vessels remnants of vaginal process --- three tunics : external spermatic fascia cremaster muscle internal spermatic fascia 13 14 Descending testis 15 Ⅳ.The Ejaculatory duct: ◙ Formation: It’s formed by the union of the end portion of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle duct. ◙ Position: It penetrated the base of the prostate, and opened into the prostatic portion of urethra. 16 17 Ⅴ. The male urethra: ◙ ◙ ◙ ◙ Three parts prostatic portion membranous portion cavernous portion Three constrictions internal orifice membranous portion external orifice The three dilations prostatic portion bulbar portion of urethra navicular fossa The two curvatures subpubic curvature prepubic curvature 18 19 Ⅵ. The prostate ◙ Location in the lesser pelvic. Between the urinary bladder and the urogenital diaphragm; in front of the rectum and posterior to the pubic symphysis ◙ Features--- Chestnut-shaped apex, base, anterior surface, posterior surface (a prostatic sulcus) the urethra passed it ◙ Structure: 5 lobes 20 21 22 23 24 Ⅷ. The seminal vesicles: – oval sacculated organs – posterior to the fundus of urinary bladder – open to the ejaculatory duct Ⅸ. The bulbourethral gland – in the urogenital diaphragm – open to the bulbar portion of urethra 25 26 External genital organs ◙ Scrotum ◙ Penis 27 Ⅹ.The Scrotum: ◙ 2 layers---skin, dartos (septum) ◙ contents: testis, epididymis, spermatic cord and its coverings 28 Ⅺ. Penis ◙ External features: 3 parts head (glans) body root ◙ Structures: --- three cavernous bodys (海绵体): two cavernous bodys of penis one cavernous body of urethra --- albuginea (白膜) of 3 cavernous bodies --- deep fascia of penis --- superficial fascia --- skin * Prepuce (阴茎包皮): skin is folded * Frenulum Prepuce (包皮系带) 29 30 31 32 The female reproductive systme The Female Genital Organs Internal Genital Organs: gonad--- ovaries (卵巢) ducts --- uterine tubes (输卵管) uterus (子宫) vagina(阴道) accessory glands--greater vestibular gland (前庭大腺) External genital organs: vulva or female pudendum 34 Ⅰ. Ovaries ◙ Location: in the ovarian fossa ◙ Features: two surfaces: lateral and medial two extremities: superior and inferior. two borders: two ligaments: suspensory lig. of ovary; proper lig. of ovary 35 Ovary 36 37 ② Ⅱ. Uterine tubes: ① ③ ◙ four parts: ① infundibulum of uterine tube(漏斗部) ② ampulla of uterine tube(壶腹部) ③ isthmus of uterine tube(峡部) ④ uterine part(子宫部) ◙ two orifices: ⑤ abdominal orifice(腹腔口) ⑥ uterine orifice(子宫口) ⑥ ④ ⑤ 38 39 Ⅲ. Uterus: ◙ The portion and relations: --- in the lesser pelvis --- anteversion(前倾) --- anteflexion(前屈) ◙ relations --- anteriorly: urinary bladder, vesicouterine pouch --- posteriorly: sigmoid colon, rectum, rectouterine pouch --- inferiorly: vagina 40 Anteversion (前倾) Anteflexion (前屈) 41 42 43 44 ◙ The features of the uterus : inverted pear shaped 3 portions: the fundus the body the cervix--- 2 parts: isthmus 峡部 supravaginal part vaginal part 45 isthmus 46 ◙ Supports of uterus: ---Broad ligaments mesovarium 卵巢系膜 mesosalpinx 输卵管系膜 mesometrium 子宫系膜 --- Round ligaments --- Cardinal ligaments --- Uterosacral ligaments 47 48 49 The round ligaments 50 51 Cardinal ligaments 53 54 ◙ The structures: --- endometrium 子宫内膜 --- myometrium 肌层 --- perimetrium 子宫外膜 cavity of uterus cervical canal internal orifice external orifice 56 57 Ⅳ. Vagina: ◙ The fornix of vagina fornix 58 59 Ⅴ. Female pudendum mons pubis 阴阜 greater lips 大阴唇 lesser lips 小阴唇 vaginal vestibule 阴道前庭 vaginal orifice, external orifice of the urethra orifices of the greater vestibular glands ◙ clitoris and hymen 阴蒂和处女膜 ◙ ◙ ◙ ◙ Ⅵ. Greater vestibular glands 60 61 Greater vestibular glands62 63