Download Chapter 15

11/29/2014
Section 1
Chapter 15
Years of Crisis
Sigmund ______—Austrian
doctor with new ideas about
the ________.
Claims that human behavior
is not based on _________.
Albert _______-offered
radically new ideas in
field of __________.
Theory of ________—
idea that space and time
are not constant.
New ideas make world
seem more uncertain
than before
________’s Roles Change
Women take on new roles
during ________.
This work helps many win
the right to ______.
In 1920s, women adopt
freer clothing, hairstyles.
Some women seek new
careers.
The ____________ Alters
Society
Cars _______ after the war.
Cars become less ________.
Increased auto use changes
people’s lives.
Airplanes Transform Travel
Charles _________ is
first to fly alone across
Atlantic.
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Entertainment –
Movies, Radio
______—musical
style that captures
age’s new
freedom.
Section 2 Terms
___________ government
A ___________ controlled by temporary
alliance of several political parties
___________ Republic
The republic that was established in
__________ in 1919 and ended in 1933
Great ___________
The severe economic slump that followed
the collapse of the U.S. ______ ________
in 1929
Postwar Europe
• __________ New ____________
• Many citizens in new democracies had no
experience with _____________ government
• Too many _________ parties - In some
countries it was almost impossible for one
party to win enough support to govern
effectively
Section 2
A Worldwide Depression
Main Idea
An economic depression in the United
States spread throughout the world and
lasted for a decade.
Why It Matters Now
Many social and economic programs
introduced to combat the Great
Depression are still operating.
Section 2 Terms
Franklin D. __________
First president elected after ___________
began; began program of government
reform; leadership preserved country’s
faith in its democratic political system
_____ _______
U.S. President Franklin ____________’s
economic reform program designed to
solve the problems created by the Great
Depression
Postwar Europe
Unstable New Democracies
________ endured 40 changes of
government from _____ to _____
Problems moving toward longterm goals
_______ times – country could get
by with ________ leadership
In times of ____, weak leadership
= major problem
Voters willing to sacrifice
democracy for strong,
totalitarian leadership
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The Weimar Republic
Problems with ________ _________
_________’s new democratic government
(named after city where national assembly
met)
Millions ______ Weimar for country’s ______
and postwar humiliation
The Weimar Republic
_________ Causes Crisis in
_________
Germany ______ ______ to pay
expenses of war – monetized the
debt
Printed even more money to pay
reparations
Value of the ________ (German
currency) fell dramatically
Caused citizens to question value
of new democratic government
The Weimar Republic
Attempts at ________ ________
_______ plan provided for a $200
million loan from ________ banks
to stabilize German currency and
strengthen its economy
Set more realistic schedule for
Germany’s reparations payments
Efforts at a Lasting ________
Reps. from France and Germany
met to improve relations; signed
treaty – never make war against
each other, respect existing
borders
Financial Collapse
A Flawed U.S.
Economy
3 weaknesses:
________ ________ of
wealth
______________ by
business and
agriculture
Lessening _________
for consumer goods
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Financial Collapse
The ____ ______ Crashes
Optimism about booming
U.S. economy showed in
soaring prices for stocks
________-income people
began buying stocks on
________ – paid small
percentage of stock’s price
as down payment,
borrowed rest from
stockbroker
The Great Depression
Followed ______
_______ _______
By 1932, factory
_________ had
been cut in ______
Thousands of
businesses failed
and banks closed
Sept. 1929 – _________
started selling stocks
believing rates would go
down
Oct. 24, 1929 – all-out
downward slide
Oct. 29, 1929 - _____ –
everyone wanted to sell,
no one wanted to buy;
billions of dollars in “paper
wealth” vanished
Around 9 million people
_____ the _____ in their
savings accounts when
banks had no money to
pay them
_________ lost _______
By 1933, ¼ of all
American workers had no
jobs
The Great Depression
A Global Depression
American _______ demanded
__________ of their overseas
loans and American investors
withdrew their money from
_________
American ________ for Europe
goods __________; Congress
placed high tariffs on imported
goods – force Americans to buy
American
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The Great Depression
Effects Throughout the _______
World _____ ___________ by 65%
______________ rates ________
Germany and Austria hit hard because
of war debts and dependence on
American loans and investments
Asia and Latin America suffered
because value of exports fell; demand
for products dropped causing prices to
collapse
The World Confronts the Crisis
________ Responds to
Economic _______
France somewhat cushioned
- more ________________
economy; heavily agricultural
and less dependent on
foreign trade
1933 – 5 coalition
governments formed and fell
The World Confronts the Crisis
__________ in the
United States
Franklin __________
elected _________ in
1932 – began the New
Deal
Large public works
projects helped to
provide jobs
The World Confronts the Crisis
________ Takes Steps to
Improve its Economy
Policies designed to rescue
the nation from economic
calamity
Passed ________ protective
_____, increased taxes, and
regulated currency
Lowered interest rates to
encourage industrial growth
The World Confronts the Crisis
_________ Governments
Find Solutions
_________, Sweden,
and Norway –
Cooperative
Community Action,
Public Work Projects
Recovery in the US
New _____________
________ gave financial
help to businesses and
farms
Large amounts of _____
money spent on welfare
and relief programs
Regulations imposed to
reform stock market and
banking system
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Section 3
Fascism Rises in Europe
The Great Depression
United Streaming Video
Section 3 Terms and Names
___________
A political movement that
promotes an extreme form of
nationalism, a denial of
individual rights, and a
dictatorial one-party rule
Benito __________
Main Idea
In response to political turmoil and
economic crises, Italy and Germany
turned to totalitarian dictators.
Why It Matters Now
These dictators changed the course of
history, and the world is still recovering
from their abuse of power.
Section 3 Terms and Names
Adolf ________
Became leader of the
Nazi party; became
chancellor of
Germany; dictator
during World War II
Newspaper editor/politician;
founded the fascist party;
became leader of Italy – vowed
to give strong leadership
Section 3 Terms and Names
_________
The fascist policies
of the National
Socialist German
Workers’ party,
based on
totalitarianism, a
belief in racial
superiority and state
control of industry
Section 3 Terms and Names
_____________
“My Struggle” – a
book written by
Hitler during his
imprisonment in
1923-1924, in which
he set forth his
beliefs and his goals
for Germany
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Section 3 Terms and Names
____________
“living space” –
the additional
territory that,
according to
Hitler, Germany
needed because it
was overcrowded
Fascism’s Rise in Italy
Fascism –
_______ political
movement that
emphasized
________ to the
state and
_________ to its
leader
Fascism vs. Communism
______ ruled by ________ who only allowed
their political party (one-party rule)
Both ________ individual ________
Neither practiced any kind of democracy
Fascists did not seek classless society;
Communists do
Fascism’s Rise in Italy
Mussolini Takes Control
________ Mussolini =
politician who
__________ to rescue
Italy by reviving
___________ and
rebuilding armed
forces
Founded Fascist Party
in 1919
Fascism’s Rise in Italy
Mussolini Takes ______
Rising _______, social
unrest and
disappointment _____
of ________
Italians wanted leader
who would take
________; democratic
government seemed
helpless
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Fascism’s Rise in Italy
Mussolini Takes Control
______ marched on _____
demanding that the _____
put Mussolini in charge of
the government
King determined Mussolini
= _____ ______ for his
dynasty to survive
Mussolini took power
“legally”
Hitler Rises to Power in Germany
The ______ of the ______
Hitler joined the _________
_______ _______ ________
________ (Nazi) in 1919
Fascism’s Rise in Italy
Il Duce’s Leadership
__ _____ = the leader; Mussolini’s
nickname
Abolished __________; outlawed all
political parties except the Fascists
______ ________ jailed opponents;
government censors forced radio
stations and publications to broadcast
only Fascist doctrines; outlawed
strikes
Never had the total control achieved
by Hitler or Stalin
Hitler Rises to Power in Germany
_____ = German brand of _________;
adopted _________ as its symbol
Set up private militia – storm troopers
or Brown Shirts
Nationalsozialistische
Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
Group shared belief that
Germany had to overturn the
Treaty of Versailles and
combat communism
Hitler Rises to Power in Germany
The Rise of the Nazis
_____ chosen as ________ or
leader of the Nazi Party
Plotted to seize power in
Munich in _______
Attempt ______, Hitler arrested
_____ _____– written by Hitler
while in prison; set forth his
beliefs and goals for Germany
Non-Aryan “races,” Jews,
Slavs, Gypsies = inferior
Hitler Rises to Power in Germany
The Rise of the Nazis
Called _________ treaty an __________,
vowed to regain German lands
Declared Germany was ___________,
needed more ___________ – living space
Most Germans ignored Hitler until the
Great Depression ended the nation’s
postwar recovery; Germans turned to
Hitler for security and firm leadership
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Hitler Becomes Chancellor
Conservative leaders advised
President Paul von Hindenburg to
_____ _______ _________ (they
believed they could control him)
Hitler called for new elections
hoping to win majority in
parliament
Before the election, fire destroyed
Reichstag building; Nazis blamed
Communists
Nazis won majority by stirring up fear
of communists
Hitler Becomes Chancellor
The ________ is
__________
Wanted control over
every aspect of
German life
Turned the press,
radio, literature,
painting, and film
into ___________
Hitler Becomes Chancellor
Hitler Makes _____
on the _______
Anti-_________ =
key part of Nazi
ideology
Nazis used Jews
as scapegoats for
all Germany’s
troubles since the
war
Hitler Becomes Chancellor
Hitler used new ______ to turn Germany
into a _____________ state
Banned other political parties and had
opponents arrested
Created the _____ (______________ or
protection squad)
Took command of the economy
Banned strikes, dissolved independent labor
unions, gave government authority over
business and labor
Hitler Becomes Chancellor
________ that did not
conform to Nazi beliefs
were _________
Schoolchildren had to
join ______ ______ or
the League of German
Girls
Believed continuous
struggle brought victory
to the strong
Hitler Becomes Chancellor
______ – Nazis passed
laws depriving Jews of
most of their rights
November 9, 1938 –
___________ (Night of
the Broken Glass) –
Nazi mobs attacked
Jews in their homes and
on streets; destroyed
thousands of Jewish
owned buildings
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Other Countries Fall to Dictators
________, ________, Yugoslavia, Albania,
Bulgaria, and Romania fell to _________
Only European nations with strong
democratic traditions – Britain, France,
the Scandinavian countries – did
democracy survive
Many European countries saw _________
as only way to _________ __________
Section 4 Terms and Names
_____________
The making of concessions to an
aggressor in order to avoid war
________ Powers
In World War II, the nations of
Germany, Italy, and Japan, which had
formed an alliance in 1936
__________ ________
Led Fascists in a civil war in Spain; with
the help of Hitler and Mussolini, he
became Spain’s fascist dictator
Section 4 Terms and Names
_________ Conference
A 1938 meeting of
representatives from
Britain, France, Italy, and
Germany, at which Britain
and France agreed to ____
Nazi ________ to _______
part of Czechoslovakia in
return for Hitler’s pledge to
respect Czechoslovakia’s
new borders
Section 4
Aggressors Invade Nations
Main Idea
As Germany, Italy, and Japan conquered
other countries, the rest of the world
did nothing to stop them.
Why It Matters Now
Many nations today take a more active
and collective role in world affairs, as in
the United Nations.
Section 4 Terms and Names
____________
A policy of avoiding political or military
involvement with other countries
_______ _______
The Third German Empire, established
by Adolf Hitler in the 1930s
________ Seeks an Empire
_____ – ______ an international
________ agreeing to respect
________’s borders
1928 – signed the KelloggBriand Pact renouncing war
Constitution put strict limits on
the powers of the prime minister
and the cabinet
Military leaders reported only to
the emperor
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Japan Seeks an Empire
__________ Take Control of Japan
Japanese ________ government for Great
___________
Military leaders gained support and won
control of country
Wanted to restore traditional control of
government to the military
Japan Seeks an Empire
Japan ________ ___________
Area rich in _____ and _______
______ – Japanese army seized
Manchuria (even though parliament
objected) Mukden incident
Army set up puppet
government
Japan Seeks an Empire
Japan ________ ________
Japan invaded northern China – no match for
better equipped and trained Japanese
_______, _______ and others fell to Japanese
Marco Polo Bridge
Made emperor the symbol of state power
_______ ________; wanted to solve economic
problems through foreign expansion
Provide _____ with _____ __________ and
markets for its goods
Give room for rising population
First direct ________ to the ______ of
_______; League members protested;
Japan ignored and withdrew from the
League in 1933
European Aggressors on the March
_________ Attacks _________
One of Africa’s three independent
nations
Mussolini ordered massive invasion of
Ethiopia in October 1935
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Emperor Haile
_______, appealed to
League of ______ for
help
League condemned
attack but ___ ______
to help
British continued to let
Italian troops and
supplies pass through
Suez Canal
March 7, ______ – German troops ______
into the _________ (buffer between
Germany and France, and important
industrial area)
European Aggressors
Hitler ______ _________ Treaty
March, 1935 – Hitler announced that
________ would no longer ________
_________ placed on army by Versailles
treaty
League’s failure to stop
Germany from
rearming
convinced
Hitler
to take greater
risks
European Aggressors on the March
Hitler Defies Versailles Treaty
_______ urged _______________
Hitler admitted later that he would have
backed down if British and French had
challenged him
_______ and _____ formed the RomeBerlin Axis
_____ joined a month later forming the
______ Powers
German ___________ of
________ = turning point
in march toward war
Strengthened Hitler’s
_____ and _______ within
Germany
The balance of power
changed in Germany’s
favor
Weak response by France
and Britain encouraged
Hitler
European Aggressors on the March
____ - Civil War - Germany
& Italy help _______
Francisco ________
Spain does not officially
fight in WWII, but will
supply the Axis Powers
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United States
___________ – avoid political ties
1935 – US Congress _________ Acts
_____ & _____ – will trade with anyone
that had money & come get it.
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