Download Infectious diseases

Student name:
DTT Booster
AQA CORE Science Biology
Diagnosis Test –Infectious Diseases
Question
Topic
Total Marks
1
Pathogens
1
2
Immunity
3
3
White blood cells
3
4
Bacteria and viruses
2
5 -QWC
Vaccination
6
My Mark
R
A
G
15
Areas to improve:
Commissioned by The PiXL Club Ltd. February 2016
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016
This resource is strictly for the use of member schools for as long as they remain members of The PiXL
Club. It may not be copied, sold nor transferred to a third party or used by the school after membership
ceases. Until such time it may be freely used within the member school.
All opinions and contributions are those of the authors. The contents of this resource are not connected with
www.pixl.org.uk
PiXL Club Ltd, Company number 07321607
nor endorsed by any other company, organisation or The
institution.
www.pixl.org.uk
The PiXL Club Ltd, Company number 07321607
Diagnosis Test – AQA CORE Science Biology - infectious Diseases (15 marks)
1.
What is a 'pathogen'? (circle the correct answer)
A.
B.
C.
D.
A disease-causing microorganism.
A type of disease that infects microorganisms.
A disease that spreads to communities around the world.
A type of medicine that treats the symptoms of a disease.
(1 mark)
2.
Complete the sentences with the words in the box below, the words may be used once, more than once or
not at all.
Inactivated
antibiotic
antigen
antibody
antibodies
immunity
The immune system of the body produces specific …………………………… to kill a
particular pathogen. This leads to ……………….. from that pathogen. In some cases,
dead or ……………….. pathogens stimulate ………………… production.
(3 marks)
3.
Explain how white blood cells protect humans from infectious diseases.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3 marks)
4.
Why do bacteria and viruses make us feel ill when they enter the body?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2 marks)
1
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016
5.
QWC: Polio and TB are two diseases that have almost been totally eradicated from the world due to
vaccination programmes.
Explain how vaccination makes a person immune to an infectious disease and reduces the change of
epidemics or pandemics.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(6 marks)
2
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016
SOLUTIONS
Diagnosis Test – AQA CORE SCIENCE Biology - Infectious Diseases (15 marks)
1.
a. What is a 'pathogen'? (circle the correct answer)
A.
B.
C.
D.
A disease-causing microorganism
A type of disease that infects microorganisms.
A disease that spreads to communities around the world.
A type of medicine that treats the symptoms of a disease.
(1 mark)
b. Complete the sentences with the words in the box below; the words may be used once, more than once
or not at all.
inactivated
antibiotic
antigen
antibody
antibodies
immunity
The immune system of the body produces specific antibodies to kill a particular pathogen. This
leads to immunity from that pathogen. In some cases, dead or inactivated pathogens stimulate
antibody production.
(3 marks)
2. Explain how white blood cells protect humans from infectious diseases.
•
They can ingest/engulf pathogens and digest them.
•
They can produce antibodies that destroy or inactivate the pathogen.
•
They can produce antitoxins to neutralize the toxins released by the pathogen.
(3 marks)
3. Why do bacteria and viruses make us feel ill when they enter the body?
•
Bacteria produce toxins/poisons that and these make us feel ill.
•
Viruses live inside cells and they damage the cells when they reproduce/ they also produce toxins
that make us ill.
(2 marks)
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016
1
SOLUTIONS
4. QWC: Polio and TB are two diseases that have almost been totally eradicated from the world due to
vaccination programmes.
Explain how vaccination makes a person immune to an infectious disease and reduces the chance of
epidemics or pandemics.
QWC Suggested marking guidance (Total 6 marks)
Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the Quality of Written Communication (QWC) as well as the
standard of the scientific response. Teachers should and apply a ‘best-fit’ approach to the marking.
0 marks
No relevant
content.
Level 1 (1-2 marks)
Mention what vaccines are
or how white blood cells
work or what antibodies
are.
The spelling, punctuation
and grammar are very
weak.
Level 2 (3-4 marks)
Level 3 (5-6 marks)
Describe briefly how vaccines work and
Explain how vaccines work and
how white blood cells work and what
how white blood cells work and
antibodies are.
what antibodies are and how they
There is reasonable accuracy in
work.
The answer shows almost faultless
spelling, punctuation and grammar,
spelling, punctuation and
although there may still be some
grammar.
errors.
•
A dead/ weakened /inactive form of pathogen/microorganism is introduced/injected into the body.
•
This stimulates white blood cells (WBC)/lymphocytes.
•
They produce antibodies to destroy the infection.
•
The WBC produce antibodies more rapidly if the person is re-infected. (Idea of memory cells recognising
the pathogen)
•
The vaccination programme means less people will become infected by a pathogen.
•
This means that they cannot pass it to other people so less are infected and there is less chance of the
disease spreading.
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016
2
SOLUTIONS
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016
2
SOLUTIONS
Final Test – AQA CORE SCIENCE Biology - Infectious Diseases (15 marks)
a. What is an ‘antigen’? (circle the correct answer)
A.
B.
C.
D.
A chemical released by a white blood cell disease.
A protein on the surface of a pathogen.
A medicine that treats a bacterial infection.
A type of medicine that treats the symptoms of a disease.
(1 mark)
b. Complete the sentences with the words in the box below, the words may be used once, more than once
or not at all.
antigens
antitoxins
pathogens
antibodies
antibiotics
White blood cells work in three ways; they can ingest or engulf pathogens and destroy them by
digesting them. White blood cells can also produce antibodies to destroy particular pathogens by
clumping them together and destroying them. They also produce antitoxins that counteract the
toxins released by pathogens.
(3 marks)
3. Explain the process of vaccination and how it helps prevent illness.
Any 3 from:
•
A dead/ weakened /inactive form of pathogen/microorganism is introduced/ injected into the body.
•
This stimulates the white blood cells/lymphocytes.
•
They produce antibodies.
•
The antibodies made quickly when a person is re-infection (idea of memory cells).
(3 marks)
4. Explain how diseases caused by bacteria are usually treated by doctors?
•
They use antibiotics (accept named example e.g. penicillin.)
•
These kill/destroy the bacteria.
(2 marks)
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016
1
SOLUTIONS
5. QWC: Pathogens like bacteria and viruses can cause illness and disease. White blood cells can help to
protect us from disease.
Explain how bacteria and viruses can make us ill and how white blood cells protect us from disease.
QWC Suggested marking guidance (Total 6 marks)
Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the Quality of Written Communication (QWC) as well as the
standard of the scientific response. Teachers should apply a ‘best-fit’ approach to the marking.
0 marks
Level 1 (1-2 marks)
No relevant
content.
Description of how
bacteria or viruses make us
ill or mention of how white
blood cells work
The spelling, punctuation
and grammar are very
weak.
Level 2 (3-4 marks)
Level 3 (5-6 marks)
Description of how bacteria or viruses
Explain how bacteria and viruses
make us ill and how white blood cells
make us ill and how white blood
work and what antibodies are.
cells work and what antibodies are
There is reasonable accuracy in
and how they work.
The answer shows almost faultless
spelling, punctuation and grammar,
spelling, punctuation and
although there may still be some
grammar.
errors.
•
Bacteria produce toxins/poisons and these make us feel ill.
•
Viruses live inside cells and they damage the cells when they reproduce/ they also produce toxins
that make us ill.
•
White blood cells can ingest/engulf pathogens and digest them.
•
They can produce antibodies that destroy or inactivate the pathogen.
•
They can produce anti toxins to neutralize the toxins released by the pathogen.
•
The WBC produce antibodies more rapidly if a person is re-infected. (Idea of memory cells
recognising the pathogen)
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016
2
Student name:
DTT Booster
AQA CORE Science Biology
Final Test - Infectious diseases
Question
Topic
1
Antigens
Total
Marks
1
2
White blood cells
3
3
Vaccination
3
4
Treating disease
2
5 - QWC
Pathogens and
white blood cells
6
My Mark
R
A
G
15
Areas to improve:
Commissioned by The PiXL Club Ltd. February 2016
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016
This resource is strictly for the use of member schools for as long as they remain members of The PiXL
Club. It may not be copied, sold nor transferred to a third party or used by the school after membership
ceases. Until such time it may be freely used within the member school.
All opinions and contributions are those of the authors. The contents of this resource are not connected with
nor endorsed by any other company, organisation or institution.
www.pixl.org.uk
www.pixl.org.uk
The PiXL Club Ltd, Company number 07321607
The PiXL Club Ltd, Company number 07321607
Final Test – AQA CORE SCIENCE Biology - Infectious Diseases (15 marks)
1.
What is an ‘antigen’? (circle the correct answer)
A.
B.
C.
D.
A chemical released by a white blood cell disease.
A protein on the surface of a pathogen.
A medicine that treats a bacterial infection.
A type of medicine that treats the symptoms of a disease.
(1 mark)
2.
Complete the sentences with the words in the box below, the words may be used once, more than once or
not at all.
antigens
antitoxins
pathogens
antibodies
antibiotics
White blood cells work in three ways; they can ingest or engulf …..…….…. and destroy them by digesting
them. White blood cells can also produce ……………….… to destroy particular pathogens by clumping them
together and destroying them. They also produce …………...……… that counteract the toxins released by
pathogens.
(3 marks)
3.
Explain the process of vaccination and how it helps prevent illness.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3 marks)
4.
Explain how diseases caused by bacteria are usually treated by doctors.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2 marks)
1
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016
5.
QWC: Pathogens like bacteria and viruses can cause illness and disease. White blood cells can help to protect
us from disease.
Explain how bacteria and viruses can make us ill and how white blood cells protect us from disease.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(6 marks)
2
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016
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This resource is strictly for the use of member schools for as long as they remain members of The PiXL Club.
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DTT Booster
AQA CORE Science Biology
THERAPY – Infectious Diseases
Commissioned by The PiXL Club Ltd. February 2016
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016
How to deliver the DTT Booster
• Administer the short diagnosis test.
• Mark the test.
• Work through the therapy slides
completing the model questions.
• Complete the question slides for
students to self or peer assess.
• Administer the final test.
B1.1.2 How our bodies defend themselves against infectious diseases
Pathogens and defence
Pathogens: Microorganisms that cause
Model Question:
Describe two ways that white blood cells
disease.
protect us from disease.
Bacteria: Reproduce rapidly, make toxins, are
smaller than plant or animal cells e.g. typhoid,
Model Answer:
cholera.
• They can engulf or ingest microbes
Viruses: Need to reproduce inside other cells,
• They can produce antibodies
always damage cells and are much smaller
• They can produce antitoxins
than bacteria e.g. colds, measles.
Infectious: pathogen can be passed on by:
Droplet infection in the air, direct contact, a
break in skin, contaminated food or drink.
Defence against infection
1.Physical barriers – prevent pathogens getting in.
2.Chemical defences – kill pathogens before they
harm us.
CLICK to reveal
MODEL ANSWER
White blood cells:
• Ingest pathogens and destroy them.
• Produce antibodies to destroy particular pathogens.
• Produce antitoxins that counteract the toxins
released by pathogens.
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/11immunity-111013102909-phpapp01/95/y8-humans-11-immunity-7-728.jpg?cb=1318504753
B1.1.2 How our bodies defend themselves against infectious diseases
Antibiotics and Resistance
Semmelweis: recognised the importance of
hand washing to prevent spreading of some
infectious diseases. Insisting doctors wash
hands before examinations has greatly
reduced deaths.
Model Question:
Why do we have to keep developing new
antibiotics? (3 marks)
Model Answer
Bacteria develop resisitance so are no
Painkillers relieve symptoms of a disease but do longer killed therefore we need to make
new antibiotics to kill the new resistant
not kill the pathogen.
strains.
Antibiotics work inside the body to kill bacteria
that cause diseases by damaging the
bacterial cells – they don’t work on viruses
as viruses live inside body cells.
Specific bacteria should be treated with specific
antibiotics – overuse or incorrect use has
increased the rate of antibiotic resistant
strains of bacteria.
MRSA has developed resistance as a result of
natural selection. Doctors now avoid overuse
of antibiotics.
CLICK to reveal
MODEL ANSWER
Mutations of pathogens produces new
strains.
• Antibiotics do not work against them
• They spread rapidly because there is no
treatment and people are not immune.
• Natural selection occurs:
• Only resistant survive
• Resistant reproduce
• All new ones are resistant strains
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/11immunity-111013102909-phpapp01/95/y8-humans-11-immunity-7-728.jpg?cb=1318504753
B1.1.2 How our bodies defend themselves against infectious diseases
Drugs and immunity
Testing Antibiotics and disinfectants Petri dishes with sterile culture media are inoculated (have
bacteria added) with sterile loops.
Petri dish lids should be taped and the dish grown at 25◦C. This would reduce the risk of growing
bacteria that would be harmful to humans.
Immunity
• Antigens – unique proteins on a pathogen cell
surface.
• White blood cells (WBCs) produce antibodies to
join up with antigens on a pathogen.
• White blood memory cells – immunity.
Vaccinations
• Given a weakened/dead form of the pathogen.
• WBC’s produce antibodies. Pathogen is
destroyed.
• If come across real pathogen WBC’s can produce
antibodies quickly.
MMR vaccine is used to protect children against
measles, mumps and rubella.
Some viruses mutate often and the immune system
(WBC’s) doesn’t recognise them so new vaccines
have to be made for them e.g. flu.
Model Question:
Flu is caused by a virus,
many people ask for
antibiotics when they
have flu.
Explain why antibiotics
cannot be used to cure
the flu.
Model Answer:
• Because viruses live inside cells.
• The antibiotic cannot get to the virus.
• To destroy the virus the drug would
have to destroy the cell.
• Antibiotics are only effective against
bacteria.
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MODEL ANSWER
B1.1.2 How our bodies defend themselves against infectious diseases - Questions
1. What is a pathogen?
2. How do bacteria and viruses make us feel ill?
3. How do white blood cells help to defend against pathogens?
4. How does immunity develop?
5. How are painkillers useful?
6. What are antibiotics and what can they be used for?
7. What is one of the impacts of the overuse of antibiotics?
8. Why is it so difficult to treat viral infections?
9. Describe the action vaccinations have on the body?
B1.1.2 How our bodies defend themselves against infectious diseases - Answers
1. What is a pathogen? It is a microorganism that causes an infectious disease.
2. How do bacteria and viruses make us feel ill? They reproduce in the body
damaging cells and/or releasing toxins.
3. How do white blood cells help to defend against pathogens? They ingest
pathogens to destroy them, produce antibodies and/or antitoxins.
4. How does immunity develop? Antigens – are unique proteins on a pathogen cell
surface, white blood cells produce antibodies to join up with antigens on a
pathogen. If a person becomes re-infected the memory white blood cells produce
antibodies quickly because they recognise the pathogen.
5. How are painkillers useful? They relieve symptoms of an infection or illness.
6. What are antibiotics and what can they be used for? Medicines that work inside
the body to kill bacteria that cause diseases by damaging the bacterial cells.
7. What is one of the impacts of the overuse of antibiotics? Overuse of antibiotics
can cause antibiotic resistant bacteria to develop.
8. Why is it so difficult to treat viral infections? Viruses live inside body cells.
9. Describe the action vaccinations have on the body? Given a weak/dead form of
the pathogen. White blood cells (WBC’s) produce antibodies/toxins so when the
body gets infected the pathogen is destroyed. Memory WBC recognise the
pathogen if reinfection occurs.
Final test DTT Booster
• Students now complete the
final test.
• Compare this to what they
achieved in the diagnostic
test.