Download Human Body Unit Review| Part II (KEY)

Human Body Unit Review| Part II (KEY) Directions: Use the key to correct your worksheet. Use a DIFFERENT colored ink! Blood 1. Fill in the following concept map: Whole Blood
Is composed mainly of
RBC’s Platelets
WBC’s
Plasma
Which is composed of
Is composed of an Helps form clots that O2 carrying protein control bleeding
Minerals, Vitamins, Water (90%)
Hemoglobin Glucose, Amino Acids, Hormones, Allows materials to dissolve
Salts, Waste 2. What is the role of red blood cells? Transport oxygen (O2) to cells, carry CO2 away from cells. 3. What is the role of white blood cells? To fight pathogens. 4. What is the role of platelets? Help stop bleeding by forming clots. a. What do platelets release as a positive feedback loop? Clotting factors, such as fibrin. 5. Compare and contrast: Antigens Antibodies Marker (protein) found on surface of cells, identifies the cells as being natural or foreign Like the “uniform/jersey” Protein Function in immunity Found in plasma
Attack foreign invaders by attaching to antigens and clumping cells/pathogens (phagocytes eat those marked) 6. What is the Rh factor? A blood protein (antigen), that people either have, or they don’t. a. If you have the Rh factor who can you c. If you DON’T have the Rh factor who donate to? + blood types can you donate to? + and ‐‐ b. Receive from? ‐‐ and + blood types d. Receive from? ‐‐ 7. The Red Cross called Ramona to see if she would donate blood (her blood type is A+). If she decides to donate, which blood type(s) can she donate her blood to? A+, AB+ a. If Ramona were to need a blood transfusion, which blood type(s) could she receive? A+, A‐, O+, O‐ 8. Lucca is having surgery to repair his torn ACL. Usually a blood transfusion is not necessary, but doctors always need to be prepared. He found out that his blood type is B‐. If he were to need a transfusion what blood type(s) could he receive? B‐, O‐ b. After Luca’s surgery he found out that he could donate blood to help others who are also having surgery. Who could he donate to? B+, B‐, AB+, AB‐ 9. Sue is blood type O‐ and has been told she could save many lives by donating. She doesn’t know how many different blood types she can donate to…can you help? What blood types can Sue donate to? O+, O‐, A+, A‐, B+, B‐, AB+, AB‐ c. Because of this, Sue is considered a universal donor. 10. What is the immune system response when somebody is given the wrong blood type? Antibodies attach the foreign blood by attaching to the antigens. This cause the blood clump and burst. Due to this reaction, receiving the incorrect blood type can be fatal. Pathogens and Human Illness 11. Scientist who theorized microorganisms cause illness Louis Pasteur
Germ Theory Theory called…
12. Match the following pathogen with the correct description: e. Parasite a. Bacteria b. Virus d. Protist c. Fungi d. Single‐celled organisms that cause illness by releasing toxic chemicals that kill cells e. Genetic material surrounded by a protein coat, forcing host cells to produce more of them. f. Are either multicellular or single‐celled; they take nutrients from host cells by piercing their membranes. g. Single‐celled organism that use host cells to complete their life cycles. h. Organism that grows on/in a host and feeds off it.
13. Fill in the concept map: Something that causes disease
Spread by Spread by
Pathogen
Direct Contact Examples: • Kissing Indirect contact
Examples:
• Breathing infected air • Shaking hands • Touching an infected surface • Drinking infected water
• Sexual intercourse 14. What is a vector? An organism that carries a pathogen in its own body and transmits that pathogen to another organisms healthy cells. i. Ex: insects (mosquitoes, ticks, etc.) b. Ex: food (can carry bacteria/parasites) Immune System 15. Fill in the chart: Tissue or Body System Skin Mucus Membrane Circulatory System How it Protects the Body from Infection Physical barrier (first line of defense) Trap pathogens
Transport immune cells & proteins 16. What is the job of the following white blood cells: a. Phagocyte: surrounds and engulfs invaders (phagocytosis). b. T Cells: kill infected body cells. c. B Cells: produce antibodies to attack foreign invaders. Memory B cells stay behind in case the pathogen returns. 17. Match the following immune system proteins with the correct description: b. Complement Proteins a. Proteins made by B cells that cause pathogens to become inactive. a. Antibodies b. Proteins that weaken the cell membrane. c. Interferons c. Protein that prevent viruses from reproducing and infecting healthy cells. 18. What type of immunity is transferred or occurs without an immune response? Passive a. Examples: genetics, mother’s milk 19. What type of immunity occurs when a pathogen enters the body? Active a. What does this prevent in the future? The pathogen from infecting again 20. What type of immunity occurs after you are given a vaccine? Acquired Immunity and Technology 21. Fill in the concept map: Method to control & fight pathogens
Antiseptics Kills pathogens found Examples: E • Soap • Hand sanitizer • Hydrogen peroxide • Alcohol • Vinegar Antibiotics
Kills pathogens found
Over use can cause:
Antibiotic resistance Outside the body Inside the body (specific to bacteria and some fungi) Which means…
The antibiotics are no longer effective in killing the bacteria 22. True or False (Circle One): Antibiotics target one specific pathogen, while antiseptics do not. Explain: Antibiotics are made to target specific bacteria (sometimes the good bacteria too), while antiseptics are made to kill all pathogens ‐ including beneficial bacteria. 23. Put the following mixed up steps of how vaccines provide immunity in the correct order: a. 2 Causes memory B cells to be produced. b. 4The fast response allows a person to not get sick. c. 3Allows immune system to respond quickly to infection. d. 1 Stimulates a specific immune response.