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Periodic Table
Trends Notes
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How are periodic trends
useful?
Periodic Trends
• The arrangement of the periodic table
reveals trends in the properties of the
elements.
• Understanding a trend among the
elements enables you to make
predictions about the chemical behavior
of the elements.
What is the periodic
trend in atomic radius?
Atomic Radius
Definition: measure of the
size of atom, usually the
distance from the nucleus
to the boundary of the electron
cloud
Radius
Radius decreases
decreases across
across aa period
period from
from left
left to
to
right
right
Radius
Radius increases
increases down
down aa group
group
Each
Each row
row down
down on
on the
the periodic
periodic table
table adds
adds an
an
energy
energy level
level to
to the
the atom
atom making
making the
the radius
radius
bigger
bigger
Table of Atomic Radii
Period Trend:
Atomic Radius
What is the periodic
trend in Ionization
Energy?
Ionization Energy
Definition: the amount of energy
required to remove an electron from
an atom and make it a positive ion.

 Tends
Tends to
to increase
increase across
across aa period
period

 As
As radius
radius decreases
decreases across
across aa period,
period, the
the
electron
electron you
you are
are removing
removing is
is closer
closer to
to the
the
nucleus
nucleus and
and harder
harder to
to remove
remove

 Tends
Tends to
to decrease
decrease down
down aa group
group

 Outer
Outer electrons
electrons are
are farther
farther from
from the
the
nucleus
nucleus and
and easier
easier to
to remove
remove
Periodic Trend of Ionization Energy
Periodic Trend:
Ionization Energy
What is the periodic
trend in
Electronegativity?
Electronegativity
Definition: A measure of the ability
of an atom in a chemical compound
to attract electrons of the other
atoms in an electron
•• Electronegativity
Electronegativity tends
tends to
to increase
increase
across
across aa period
period (Group
(Group 18
18 does
does not
not bond
bond &&
has
has no
no electronegativity)
electronegativity)
oo Electronegativity
Electronegativity tends
tends to
to decrease
decrease
down
down aa group
group or
or remain
remain the
the same
same
Periodic Trend:
Electronegativity
Summary of
Periodic Trends
What is the periodic
trend in Ionic Radii?
Ionic Radii
 Positively charged ions formed
when an atom of a metal loses one or
Cations more electrons
 Smaller than the corresponding
atom
 Negatively charged ions formed
when nonmetallic atoms gain one
Anions
or more electrons
 Larger than the corresponding
atom
Graphic courtesy Wikimedia Commons user Popnose
Periodic Table Trends Review
Key Ideas:
The location of an element on
the periodic table can be used
to determine certain properties.
The elements with the largest
radii are in the bottom left
corner.
The elements with the largest
ionization energy are in the top
right corner.
The elements with the highest
electronegativity are in the top
right corner excluding group
18.
Terms to Know:
electronegativity
ionic radius
atomic radius
ionization energy