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Vocabulary
• Cardiovascular (CV) System- ‫( מערכת לב וכלי דם‬ma’arechet lev
v’klay dahm)
• Blood- ‫( דם‬dahm)
• Blood vessels- ‫( כלי דם‬klay dahm)
• Artery/Arteries- ‫ עורקים‬/‫( עורק‬ohrek/ohrakeem)
• Vein/Veins- ‫ורידים‬/‫( וריד‬vhreed/vhreedeem)
• Capillary/Capillaries- ‫נים‬/‫( נימים‬neem/neemeem)
• Heart- ‫( לב‬lev)
• Angina pectoris- ‫( אנגינה‬angina)
• Myocardial Infarction (MI)- ‫אוטם בשריר הלב‬
• Heart attack- ‫( התקף לב‬hetkef lev)
Anatomy
•
Blood- ‫דם‬
•
Blood vessels- ‫כלי דם‬:
•
–
Arteries- ‫עורקים‬
–
Veins- ‫ורידים‬
–
Capillaries- ‫נימים‬/‫קפילרות‬
Heart- ‫לב‬
The Blood
The volume of the blood is about 7%-8% of our
body weight (6-8 liters)
Plasma= 55% of blood
Cells= 45% of blood
Blood Composition Functions
Blood Component
Red blood cells
Function
Give blood its color, carry O2
to organs.-hemoglobin
White blood cells
Part of immune system
Platelets
Essential for clotting
Plasma
Carries blood cells, nutrients ,
carry C02 away
Blood Vessels- ‫כלי דם‬
Blood Vessels - Arteries
•
Carry blood AWAY from
the heart.
•
3 layers: outside layer,
middle thick muscle layer
(flexible, can withstand
high pressure), inner layer
of capillaries.
•
Hollow in the center for
blood to flow through
Blood Vessels - Veins
•
•
carry blood TO the heart
3 layers: outside layer,
inner muscle layer
(thinner than arterial
muscle not as flexible as
artery), inner layer of
capillaries.
•
Hollow in the center for
blood to flow through.
Blood Vessels - Capillaries
• Very thin– 1 cell layer
thick, non-muscular
• Where exchange of
water, gases, and
nutrients takes place
Blood Vessels - Coronary Arteries
• Arteries that go from the aorta to
the heart mussel itself
– Right after the aorta starts, there are
arteries that split off and go directly to
the heart. These are the coronary
arteries.
• If one is blocked, cells in the heart
can’t get oxygen. A blocked artery
can be fatal (if oxygen can’t get to
the heart, the heart can’t pump
blood, and blood does not get to
the body).
Heart- ‫לב‬- location
Diaphragm
The heart location is the mediastinum, retrosternal
between the ribs 2 & 6
Heart- ‫לב‬
• The heart is as big as a fist.
• It weighs around 200-300 gr’.
• When contracting systole : sending out blood.
• When expanding diastole : refilling with blood.
• Every beat send out about 70 cc of blood
• Adult heart bits between 60-100 bpm
Conduction System
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
Atrioventricular Node
Normal Sinus Rhythm
Basic Rhythm Disturbances
•
Bradycardia is a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute
•
Tachycardia is a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute
•
Asystole (flat line) occurs in the absence of any electrical
activity in the heart
•
Ventricular fibrillation is chaotic electrical activity in the
heart
External View of Heart
The Heart
Left side of the heart:
– Rich with O2
– 4 pulmonary arteries enters
the left atrium
– The aorta coms out from
the left ventricle
Right side of the heart:
– Rich with CO2
– The superior and inferior
vena cava enters the right
atrium
– The pulmonary artery coms
out from the right ventricle
Blood vessels
entering & exiting the heart
Internal View of Heart
Aortic valve
Pulmonary
valve
Atria
C4-22
Ventricles
Blood Cycle-Systemic Circulation (“large
cycle”)
• Part of the blood cycle that
supplies blood to the body
• Oxygenated blood goes from
the Left Atrium to the Left
Ventricle and gets pumped out
the Aorta to the body.
Deoxygenated blood gets
returned to the Right Atrium
through the Vena Cava.
Blood Cycle-Pulmonary Circulation (“small
cycle”)
• Part of the Blood Cycle that give the blood oxygen
• Deoxygenated blood leaves the Right Ventricle
through the Pulmonary Artery and goes to the lungs.
In the lungs, carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen
and the oxygenated blood returns to the Left Atrium.