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Module 22-23 Review Psychology 120 Terms: mnemonic devices automatic processing encoding semantic encoding method of loci distributed rehearsal permastore memory rehearsal recency effect Elizabeth Loftus recognition visual encoding overlearning accurate chunking recall x 2 hierarchy explicit memory retroactive interference serial position effect forgotten storage effortful processing acoustic encoding mass rehearsal context effect misinformation effect flashbulb memory short-term memory primacy effect proactive interference long-term potentiation retrieval motivated forgetting sensory memory implicit memory self-reference effect long-term memory peg-word system state-dependent memory 1. _________________________is getting information into the memory system. 2. _________________________is retaining information in memory over time. 3. _________________________is getting information out of the memory stage. 4. __________________________________is the unconscious process of encoding certain information without effort. 5. ______________________________is encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. 6. The conscious repetition of information is__________________________. 7. When you continue to rehearse information even after you have memorized it, it is called______________________________. 8. When rehearsal sessions are spread out. _____________________________________ 9. This spread out rehearsal works better than cramming information in fewer but longer sessions. _______________________________ 10. The tendency to recall the first and last items on a list is called_____________________. 11. The __________________________enhances our ability to recall items near the beginning of the list. 12. The __________________________enhances our ability to recall items near the end of the list. 13. When you make material meaningful to help remember it, this process is called _______________________________. 14. When we encode sounds. ______________________________ 15. When we encode images. _______________________________ 16. When you relate the material you are trying to remember to your own life, it is called _______________________________________. 17. A formal term for memory tricks is _____________________________. 18. When you associate terms you want to remember with imaginary places it is referred to as ________________________________. 19. When you associate words you want to remember with a list of peg words. ______________________________ 20. Organizing information into meaningful units is called ______________________. 21. A ___________________________is an organizational system that focuses on relationships between pieces of information (i.e. outline) 22. _____________________________is the brief, initial encoding of sensory information in the memory system. 23. A memory that is slightly more permanent than sensory memory is __________________. 24. A relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of our memory system is __________________________________. 25. A _______________________________is a vivid memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. 26. Increase In a synapse firing efficiency that occurs when a sequence of neurons that represent a particular memory fires repeatedly. ________________________ 27. __________________________is what we normally think of when we think of memory recall of facts and experiences. 28. _______________________________is the recall of skills and procedures. 29. When we search for information that was previously stored. _____________________ 30. _____________________is the type of retrieval in which you must identify items you previously learned. 31. When you are in an environment similar to the one in which you encoded the information, you may have a better ability to retrieve that information. _____________________________ 32. _____________________________is the enhanced ability to retrieve information when you are in the same physical and emotional state as you were when you encoded it. 33. When information is no longer or has never been encoded, it means you have ____________________ the information. 34. Long-term memories that are especially resistant to forgetting are _____________________. 35. When an older memory disrupts the recall of a newer memory, you experience _______________________________. 36. When a more recent memory disrupts the recall of an older memory, you experience ________________________________. 37. Forgetting, to provide protection from anxiety or from potentially distressing information, is _____________________________. 38. ____________________________was the first person to show how we have a tendency to construct memories. 39. Incorporating misleading information into a memory is __________________________________. 40. Children’s memory grow more ______________________with age.