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Transcript
KNOW YOUR COMPONENTS COMPONENT CELL BATTERY SYMBOL ILLUSTRATION DESCRIPTION A device that changes chemical energy into electricity. A collection of cells placed together. WIRE Wires connect the components together to make a circuit. BUZZER This makes a buzzing noise when electricity flows through it, the higher the voltage the louder the buzz. MOTOR A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. SWITCH (ON) This will turn your circuit on. It makes a circuit when flicked on by allowing electricity to flow through it. SWITCH (OFF) This will turn your circuit off. It breaks the flow of electricity through the circuit when flicked off. LDR This is a light sensor. The more light it detects, the more voltage it allows through. LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR LED LIGHT EMITTING DIODE This is a tiny light that uses very little electricity. It has one leg longer than the other which means that it must be connected to the positive side of the circuit. POTENTIOMETER A Potentiometer is a resistor that you can control! Turning the knob on the potentiometer increases and decreases the amount of resistance a bit like a tap and the flow of water. RESISTOR These limit the flow of electricity through a circuit. Some limit the flow more than others. CAPACITOR A capacitor is like a big bucket, it stores up charge, waits until its full and then releases it all in one go. How much charge depends on the size of the capacitor, which is measured in Farads after physicist Michael Faraday. SPEAKER A device that converts electrical energy into vibrations. (sound) DIODE A Diode is a component that allows current to flow in just one direction. It must go into your circuit the correct way round, the white band indicates the negative side of the diode. 555 TIMER This is a 555 timer also known as an Integrated Circuit (IC). This is a whole circuit in itself, but very very small and made of silicon. These are the brains of the circuit. WWW.TECHWILLSAVEUS.COM [email protected] KNOW YOUR CIRCUITS ELECTRIC CHARGE ELECTRIC CURRENT Have you ever heard a crackle when taking off a jumper? This is caused by tiny electric charges made by your clothes rubbing together. It's called static electricity. When electric charges move in a wire, we say that an electric current flows in the wire. It's like the way a current of water flows in a river. For an electric current to flow, we need two things: When ice particles in storm clouds bump together, they become charged with electricity which is eventually released as lightning. 1. Something to make the electricity flow, such as a battery. A cell turns chemical energy into an electrical charge that we use in electrical devices. 2. A complete path for the current to flow this is called an electric circuit. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS The simplest complete circuit is a piece of wire from one end of a battery to the other. The electric current can flow but nothing useful happens. The wire just gets hot and the battery goes flat. To do something useful with the electric current, we need to put an electrical component into the circuit, such as a lamp or motor. The bulb will only light if there is a battery and a complete circuit. INCOMPLETE CIRCUIT NO BATTERY COMPLETE CIRCUIT SERIES CIRCUITS A series circuit has several components one after the other in a row. If you follow the circuit diagram from one side of the cell to the other, you should pass through all the different components, one after the other, without any branches. In a series circuit, if a lamp breaks or a component is disconnected, the circuit is broken and all the components stop working. If you add more lights into a series circuit, the lights will be dimmer. Series circuits are useful if you want a warning that one of the components in the circuit has failed. They also use less wiring than parallel circuits. PARALLEL CIRCUITS A parallel circuits has different components connected on different branches of wire. If you follow the circuit diagram from one side of the cell to the other, to pass through all the different components you must follow all the branches. If you add more lights into a parallel circuit, the lights remain bright, as the current is shared between components. In a parallel circuit, if a lamp breaks or a component is disconnected from one parallel wire, the components on different branches keep working. Parallel circuits are useful if you want everything to work, even if one component fails. WWW.TECHWILLSAVEUS.COM [email protected]