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BUDDHIST VIEW IN COMPASSION By:Ven. Miao Xin Chung Tian Temple (International Buddhist Association of Queensland) Introduction In respond to: What is Mercy? What do these religions teach about Mercy? How is Mercy lived / practiced by believers in these traditions? The term mercy may designate both character and actions that emerge as a consequence of that character. As a part of character, mercy is demonstrated most clearly by such qualities as compassion and forbearance. [Rudolf Bultmann, "Mercy" Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, (Grand Rapids, Mich: Eerdmans, 1964), 2:477-87.] In the Bible a variety of Hebrew and Greek words are used which fall within the general semantic range of the English word "mercy." They include such terms as "loving-kindness” ,"to be merciful" , "to have compassion" , and "grace”. [ Colin Brown, The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, (Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan Pub. House, 1975), 2:593-601.] Compassion Compassion Ranked a great virtue in numerous philosophies, compassion is considered in almost all the major religious traditions as among the greatest of virtues. Compassion is a mind that is motivated by cherishing other living beings and wishes to release them from their suffering, and offer happiness. Compassion & Buddhism Compassion is the fundamental practice in Buddhism Especially, the Mahayana Bodhisattva path requires Compassion as key practice. In the 《Prajna Paramita Sutra: “Bodhisattvas arise compassion due to sentient beings’ suffering, and generate Bodhi mind because of compassion, and attain Buddhahood based on the Bodhi mind (Bodhicitta). Compassion is the main criteria for practicing Bodhisattva path. Compassion & Buddhism 《The Treatise on the Perfection of Great Wisdom大智度論》mentioned 3 basic kinds of compassion: Compassion arises from understanding the conditions in which sentient beings live and suffer.生緣慈 Compassion arises from understanding the teaching of the Buddha. 法緣慈 Compassion arises unconditionally for all sentient beings, equanimity) 無緣慈 The Four Immeasurable States of Mind Also called “The Four Boundless States of Mind”, “The Four Immeasurable”: 1. Loving kindness, 2. Compassion, 3. Joy 4. Equanimity. Immeasurable Loving Kindness Loving-Kindness is the feeling of caring deeply about others, or the realization of how profoundly we already do care about them. Buddhist texts recognize many kinds of loving-kindness, ie: ◦ Emotional and unemotional ◦ Constant and momentary ◦ Related and unrelated Immeasurable Compassion Compassion in Buddhism literally means “removing the suffering of others”. It is a companion to loving-kindness. Compassion can be understood in much the same way as loving kindness. Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva (Guan Yin) is the embodiment of great compassion. He has vowed to free all sentient beings from suffering. Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva has great powers and can help all sentient beings. His skilful means are limitless and he can appear in any form in all the six realms of existence to relieve the suffering of the sentient beings. He vowed to rescue those who call on him when they are in suffering, for example, when caught in a fire, shipwrecked or facing an attack… Master Hsing Yun’s words on Compassion Ven. Master says: “One can have nothing, but must have compassion”. “Happiness and peace come from compassion and tolerance”. As noted in a Buddhist sutra, “Lovingkindness ends greed; compassion ends anger.” Master Hsing Yun’s words on Compassion Compassion is not a demand on others, nor is it a standard by which we judge people. It is a way to discipline ourselves. Compassion does not mean blind tolerance to physical attack or verbal abuse. When justice is threatened or when good people are being slandered or attacked, we should stand up bravely for them. Compassion is not a momentary emotion, but a persistent service for others. Compassion is not just being kind only to our friends and family, nor does it mean we are to expect anything in return. How is Compassion practiced by believers in Buddhism? Three Good Deeds Do good deeds with compassionate hands; Speak good words with compassionate mouths; Think good thoughts with compassionate hearts. How is Compassion practiced by believers in Buddhism? The Four All- Embracing Virtues: Giving Speaking with kind words Conducting oneself for the benefit of others Adapting oneself to others. Conclusion There are no enemies in the eyes of compassion. Compassion brings good affinities. Compassion harmonizes self and others, and is one with the universe. As the saying goes, tolerance fosters greatness; with compassion and tolerance, we can naturally unite people and create many supporting conditions.