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Transcript
Sociology Study Guide 2016-2017 1. Subcultures do not present a threat to societies. 16. All of the following are factors as to why sociology developed. The rapid political and industrial change of the 1800’s in Europe. The rapid growth of cities and their problems in the 1800’s.The questioning of traditional beliefs, roles and expectations. 2. Jane Addams, an American sociologist helped create social work as a profession. 17. Americans share many values, such as freedom, volunteering and education. 3. Society is the people around us, culture is the material and nonmaterial products that people make. 18. Ultimately “norms” will be violated, because societies have so many. Part I Terms and Names for Understanding. 4. Sociology was developed as a social science; there has always been interest in the social life and interactions of people. 5. Material Culture: are the products that people create. Nonmaterial Culture: are beliefs, and values. Counterculture: is composed of people who go against cultural norms and can present a threat. 19. Socialization is the process by which individuals learn to become members of society 20. Achieved Status is gained through efforts, not personal talents, or innate skills. 21. A crime is any act that violates the law. 22. The traditional definition of gender is a male or female. Today the definition has changed to reflect how people perceive themselves. 6. Subcultures do not present a threat to societies. 23. Race is shared inherited physical characteristics 7. Values, help determine the character of its people and the kinds of material and nonmaterial culture they create 8. Technology, physical objects used by society that are governed by rules on how to use them. 9. Sanctions, formal and informal rewards or punishment based on behavior. 10. Symbols, anything that represents something else. 11. Norms, are shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in certain situations 12. Language , primary form of communicating. 13.Sociology is a social science that studies human society and behavior. 14. America and American culture are often referred to as a “melting pot,” because of the contributions to the development of American culture from so many diverse cultures. 15. Sociologists believe that our behavior is largely based on our environment. of a distinct group 24. Minority group status includes, possessing identifiable physical or cultural characteristics that differ from the dominant group. Unequal treatment by dominant group. They share a strong bond and loyalty to other members. They marry within the group. 25. In Industrial societies the Middle Aged generally holds the power. 26. Discrimination can take place on an individual basis not a societal basis. 27. Stereotypes are oversimplified, exaggerated generalization about a group. Can lead to people feeling superior over others. 28. The elderly in America have a substantial role in politics today. 29. Assimilation is the blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common identity and culture. 30. Crimes against property are the most common types of crimes committed in America. 31. Deviance is behavior that violates significant social norms. 38. White-Collar Crime usually committed by people of a high social status. 32. Crime is any act that is prohibited by the law and is punishable by government. 39. Strain Theory views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and structure of society. 33. Labeling Theory is the mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society. 40. What is considered deviant in one society may not be considered deviant in another 34. Terrorism is the threat or the actual use of violence to achieve political goals. 41. All of the following are considered Social Sciences, Anthropology, Psychology, History, and Political Science. 35. Cultural Transmission Theory is the interaction of deviant individuals and others is more likely to cause deviant behavior. 36. Stigma is the mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society. 37. Organized Crime is the large-scale organization of professional criminals that controls some business or vice through violence or the threat of violence. 42. Societies need systems of education to help provide skills, training and to reinforce norms. Education and our educational experiences can influence all facets of our lives. While not all societies have formal systems of education, they have systems in place that are usually based on the natural environment around them that teaches real world skills. 43. Religion can serve as an agent of socialization by providing its followers with norms and promoting social interaction and structure. Part II Open Response: Why is studying Sociology beneficial to our lives? It helps us better understand the world around us and our roles in it. It helps us understand that our lives and the decisions we make are influenced by those around us. We are able to develop a better understanding of different societies and cultures.