Download Sociology Final Exam Study Guide

Sociology Study Guide 2016-2017
1. Subcultures do not present a
threat to societies.
16. All of the following are factors as to why sociology
developed. The rapid political and industrial change of
the 1800’s in Europe. The rapid growth of cities and
their problems in the 1800’s.The questioning of
traditional beliefs, roles and expectations.
2. Jane Addams, an American sociologist helped create
social work as a profession.
17. Americans share many values, such as freedom,
volunteering and education.
3. Society is the people around us, culture is the
material and
nonmaterial products that people make.
18. Ultimately “norms” will be violated, because
societies have so many.
Part I Terms and Names for Understanding.
4. Sociology was developed as a social science; there
has always been interest in the social life and
interactions of people.
5. Material Culture: are the products that people
create.
Nonmaterial Culture: are beliefs, and values.
Counterculture: is composed of people who go
against cultural norms and can present a threat.
19. Socialization is the process by which individuals
learn to become members of society
20. Achieved Status is gained through efforts, not
personal talents, or innate skills.
21. A crime is any act that violates the law.
22. The traditional definition of gender is a male or
female. Today the definition has changed to reflect how
people perceive themselves.
6. Subcultures do not present a threat to societies.
23. Race is shared inherited physical characteristics
7. Values, help determine the character of its people
and the kinds of material and nonmaterial culture they
create
8. Technology, physical objects used by society that are
governed by rules on how to use them.
9. Sanctions, formal and informal rewards or
punishment based on behavior.
10. Symbols, anything that represents something else.
11. Norms, are shared rules of conduct that tell people
how to act in certain situations
12. Language , primary form of communicating.
13.Sociology is a social science that studies human
society and behavior.
14. America and American culture are often referred to
as a “melting pot,” because of the contributions to the
development of American culture from so many diverse
cultures.
15. Sociologists believe that our behavior is largely
based on our environment.
of a distinct group
24. Minority group status includes, possessing
identifiable physical or cultural characteristics that
differ from the dominant group. Unequal treatment by
dominant group. They share a strong bond and loyalty
to other members. They marry within the group.
25. In Industrial societies the Middle Aged generally
holds the power.
26. Discrimination can take place on an individual basis
not a societal basis.
27. Stereotypes are oversimplified, exaggerated
generalization about a group. Can lead to people feeling
superior over others.
28. The elderly in America have a substantial role in
politics today.
29. Assimilation is the blending of culturally distinct
groups into a single group with a common identity and
culture.
30. Crimes against property are the most common
types of crimes committed in America.
31. Deviance is behavior that violates significant social
norms.
38. White-Collar Crime usually committed by people of
a high social status.
32. Crime is any act that is prohibited by the law and is
punishable by government.
39. Strain Theory views deviance as the natural
outgrowth of the values, norms, and structure of
society.
33. Labeling Theory is the mark of social disgrace that
sets the deviant apart from the rest of society.
40. What is considered deviant in one society may not
be considered deviant in another
34. Terrorism is the threat or the actual use of violence
to achieve political goals.
41. All of the following are considered Social Sciences,
Anthropology, Psychology, History, and Political
Science.
35. Cultural Transmission Theory is the interaction of
deviant individuals and others is more likely to cause
deviant behavior.
36. Stigma is the mark of social disgrace that sets the
deviant apart from the rest of society.
37. Organized Crime is the large-scale organization of
professional criminals that controls some business or
vice through violence or the threat of violence.
42. Societies need systems of education to help
provide skills, training and to reinforce norms.
Education and our educational experiences can
influence all facets of our lives. While not all societies
have formal systems of education, they have systems in
place that are usually based on the natural environment
around them that teaches real world skills.
43. Religion can serve as an agent of socialization by
providing its followers with norms and promoting social
interaction and structure.
Part II Open Response: Why is studying
Sociology beneficial to our lives? It helps us
better understand the world around us and
our roles in it. It helps us understand that
our lives and the decisions we make
are influenced by those around us. We are able
to develop a better understanding of different
societies and cultures.