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CULTURE
29.2 – City of Contrasts
1.
What contributions did Pericles make to Athens after the
Persians wars?
• Pericles led the rebuilding of Athens after the Persian wars. He
encouraged the arts and made reforms to encourage the growth
of democracy.
2. Why can Athens be called a city of contrast?
• The people of Athens lived in small, uncomfortable
houses, but the city’s public spaces and buildings were large and
beautiful.
• What is the Acropolis? What is located there?
• Hill in the center of the polis that is used for temples and
government
• What is the Parthenon?
• The temple honoring the goddess Athena, built on the acropolis
above Athens
29.3 – Religion: The Temple at
Delphi
(Athena)
1.
Why would a person go to see an oracle?
• A person would go to an oracle to ask a god questions. Each god
or goddess had power over a certain area of life. People needing
advice would go to the oracle who spoke for a particular god or
goddess.
2. What did the ancient Greeks believe about where gods and and
goddesses lived and what they were like?
• The ancient Greek gods and goddesses lived on Mount Olympus.
They looked and acted like humans, but they did not age or die.
3. In what ways was religion a part of the everyday life of the ancient
Greeks?
• The ancient Greeks asked the gods for help before setting out on
journeys. The Greeks dedicated festivals and sporting events to
their gods. Temples were dedicated to the gods and decorated
with their images.
What is a myth?
• A traditional story that helps to explain a culture’s beliefs.
Activity - Passport
“You have been learning about Greek
mythology. You told your teacher that you
saw no point in studying this subject. Your
teacher sent you to Delphi to ask the oracle if
mythology would be important in the future.
The oracle has said, “Greek mythology will be
the origin of many words in a great language
of the future. To learn a few words of this
new language, play the game I have
designed.”
Tantalus
panic
The gods punished Tantalus by placing him
Definition: extreme fear
Example: There was panic in the audience when in a lake. When he tried to drink the water in the lake, the
water level dropped. When he tried to eat the fruit that hung
the fire broke out.
above him, the branches blew away.
tantalize
Definition: to torture someone with something
he or she cannot have
Example: Please don’t tantalize me with candy
when I’m on a diet.
titanic
Definition: great in size or strength
Example: The artist created a titanic sculpture
for the town square.
nemesis
Definition: the cause of harm or failure
Example: I don’t do well in school because
taking tests is my nemesis.
museum
Definition: a place where valuable objects of art
and science are displayed
Example: The Greek statues are kept in a
museum.
echo
Definition: a repeated sound
Example: When you speak in an empty room,
you sometimes hear an echo.
Pan
Pan was half man and half goat. His bright red face, his flat
nose, and the two horns growing from his head made him
very frightening.
Titans
The Titans were huge creatures who ruled the world until
they were defeated by Zeus and the other Olympian gods.
Muses
The muses were nine daughters of Zeus. They ruled over the
arts of history, poetry, music, dance, and drama.
Nemesis
Nemesis was the goddess who judged men. She caused
unhappiness in the lives of people she thought were too
happy. Nemesis punished those who were conceited or guilty
of crimes.
Echo
Hera was Zeus’s wife. One day, Hera punished Echo. Echo’s
punishment was that she could speak only when someone
else spoke first, and then she could only repeat what was
said.
29.4 – Architecture: The
Acropolis
(acropolis)
1. Why did the ancient Greeks build temples like the Parthenon?
• The ancient Greeks built their temples as beautiful dwelling places for
the gods and goddesses. These temples were not places of worship
because the Greeks conducted religious ceremonies outside.
2. Name the three types of columns & draw them.
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian
3. What features made the Parthenon one of the most beautiful
temples in ancient Greece?
• The Parthenon had 8 columns across the front and back, and 17 along
each side. The top of the temple was decorated with a band of sculptures
called a frieze. Inside the temple was a magnificent statue of Athena.
29.4 – Architecture: The
Acropolis
(acropolis)
What is architecture?
Designing a building
Not in your book…where in the US could you find buildings similar to these?
Washington D.C., Harrisburg, Philadelphia etc.
Activity - Passport
• Draw the three types of Columns and label
them.
29.5 – Sculpture: A Marble
Workshop
(Pericles)
1. How did the styles of ancient Egyptian statues influence those of
the ancient Greeks?
• The earliest Greek statues were influenced by ancient Egypt.
Statues were larger-than-life figures that faced front, with arms
held stiffly at their sides.
2. How did Athenian sculpture change over the years?
• Sculptures originally were very stiff looking. Later Sculpture
became more realistic. Statues were sculpted in natural poses and
showed detailed muscles, hair, and clothing.
3. Who was Phidias, and what did he do?
• Phidias was one of the most famous sculptors in Athens. He
designed the figures at the top of the Parthenon and sculpted the
statue of Athena that stood inside the temple.
Activity
2. Draw a stick figure example of each:
Original Greek
Later Greek
Sculpture
Sculpture
29.6 – Drama: The Theater of
Dionysus
1. How many people could a theater hold and how might its
shape help a large audience?
• The Theater of Dionysus could hold thousands of people. Because it
was shaped like a bowl on the side of the hill, everyone could hear
what was said on the stage.
2. List two ways Greek drama differed from plays and movies of
today (it should not already be listed).
•
It relied upon the chorus to help explain and expand the story.
• It had no women actors.
• It was held in outdoor theaters.
• What is drama?
• The art of writing, acting in, and producing a play
Activity – Acting out a play
• Introduction: When the Greeks won the Trojan War,
they destroyed the city of Troy and made the Trojan
women and children into slaves. Queen Hecuba (HEHcoo-bah) of Troy and her daughter Polyxena (POOL-ixEE-nah) were captured. The Greek soldiers told Hecuba
that Polyxena was to be sacrificed to the gods to make
sure the Greek ships returned safely home.
After the few lines are acted out …. In your
passport write what do you think happens next.
Activity
Selection from Hecuba by Euripides
Hecuba: O my child Polyxena,step from the tent! Come and hear the news
your wretched mother brings, this news of horror that touches your life!
(Enter Polyxena, a beautiful girl, from the tent)
Polyxena: That terror in your voice! That ry of fear flushing me forth like a bird
in terror!
Hecuba: O my child! My baby…
Polyxena: Again that cry! Why?
Hecuba: I am afraid for you—
Polyxena: Tell me the truth, Mother. No, I am afraid. Something in your face
frightens me. You must tell me, Mother.
Hecuba: A dreadful rumor came. Some Greek decree that touches your life—
Polyxena: Touches my life how? For God’s sake, Mother, speak!
Hecuba: The Greeks, in full assembly, have decreed your death, a living
sacrifice upon Achilles’ (ah-KILL-eez) tomb.
Polyxena: O my poor mother! How I pity you, this brokenhearted life of pain!
Ancient Greek Philosophers
29.7 Philosophy: The Agora
1. What did Greek philosophers do?
• They talk about the world around them, nature, the meaning of
life, justice, truth, and beauty.
2. How did Socrates try to teach others? What did he encourage
people to do?
• He asked people questions that forced them to think about
their beliefs. He encouraged them to question everything they
knew.
3. What happened to Socrates?
•He was put to death. His enemies accused him of not honoring
the gods and leading young people into error and disloyalty.
Name other philosophers he influenced.
• Plato & Aristotle
•What is an agora?
• The marketplace at the bottom of the acropolis
Activity - Passport
• Listening to Socrates in
the Agora….
• Socrates said, “The unexamined life is not worth
living.”
1. Socrates meant….
2. I agree / disagree with Socrates. Why?
28.8 – Sports: The Panathenaic
Games
1. What was the purpose of the Panathenaic Games?
• The Panathenaic Games were a series of competitive athletic
events that were held as part of a festival that honored the
goddess Athena. These games showed how much the Greeks
valued physical fitness and a healthy body.
2. Describe one Panathenaic event that is part of our
present Olympics.
• The Panathenaic Games included events like horse races,
chariot races, footraces, boxing, wrestling, and the
pancratium.
3. Identify one event that is still part of athletic
competitions today, and then one event that is not.
• Is – footraces, boxing, wrestling
• NOT - Chariot races, races in full armour, or the pancratium.